Kankere ea matsoele e fumanoa ka ho etsa liteko le mekhoa e mengata, e ka' nang ea akarelletsa:
1. Ho hlahlojoa matsoele: Ngaka e tla hlahloba matsoele ho bona hore na a na le makhopho, a fetohile ka boholo kapa ka sebōpeho kapa a na le lintho tse ling tse sa tloaelehang.
2. Mammogram: Ho nka litšoantšo tsa sefuba ka X-ray e ka bonang lintho tse sa tloaelehang le pele li ka utluoa.
3. Ultrasound: Ke tlhahlobo e sebelisang maqhubu a molumo ho etsa setšoantšo sa lisele tsa matsoele, e ka thusang ho bona hore na ho na le ntho e tiileng kapa e tletseng metsi.
4. MRI: Ho sebelisa matla a khoheli le maqhubu a seea-le-moea ho etsa litšoantšo tse qaqileng tsa lisele tsa matsoele.
5. Ho hlahloba sefuba: Ho ntšoa lisele tse nyenyane tsa sefuba ebe li hlahlojoa ka microscope ho bona hore na li na le kankere.
6. Liteko tsa mali: Ho ka' na ha etsoa liteko tse itseng tsa mali, tse kang ho hlahloba palo ea lisele tsa mali kapa matšoao a hlaheletseng, ho thusa ho tseba hore na kankere e boemong bofe kapa ho hlahloba phekolo.
7. Ho hlahlojoa liphatsa tsa lefutso: Haeba ho e-na le histori ea lelapa ea kankere ea matsoele, ho ka 'na ha etsoa tlhahlobo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso ho bona hore na ho na le phetoho ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e futsitsoeng e eketsang kotsi ea ho tšoaroa ke kankere ea matsoele.
8. Ho hlahlojoa ha masapo, CT scan kapa PET scan: Ho ka 'na ha etsoa liteko tsena ho bona hore na kankere e nametse likarolong tse ling tsa'mele.
Hang ha ho fumanoe hore motho o na le kankere ea matsoele, ho ka 'na ha etsoa liteko tse eketsehileng ho fumana hore na kankere eo e boemong bofe, e leng se thusang ho etsa liqeto tsa kalafo.
Zahoor S, Lali IU, Khan MA, Javed K, Mehmood W: Breast Cancer Detection and Classification using Traditional Computer Vision Techniques: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Med Imaging. 2020, 16 (10): 1187-1200.
Dewar MA, Love N: Legal issues in managing breast disease. Postgrad Med. 1992, 92 (5): 137-40, 143-4, 149-51 passim.
Donepudi MS, Kondapalli K, Amos SJ, Venkanteshan P: Breast cancer statistics and markers. J Cancer Res Ther. , 10 (3): 506-11.
Sazuka T, Miyazawa Y, Tochigi T, Hirano A, Mori M, Kosugi C, Shuto K, Kasahara K, Hiroshima Y, Matsuo K, Tanaka K, Yamazaki K, Koda K, Matsubara H: [A Case of Rectal Metastasis from Breast Cancer Diagnosed Two Years after Surgery]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 2017, 44 (12): 1254-1256.
Yan J, Liu Z, Du S, Li J, Ma L, Li L: Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer in the Precision Medicine Era. Methods Mol Biol. 2020, 2204 (): 53-61.
Cong J, Wei B, He Y, Yin Y, Zheng Y: A Selective Ensemble Classification Method Combining Mammography Images with Ultrasound Images for Breast Cancer Diagnosis. Comput Math Methods Med. 2017, 2017 (): 4896386.
Cui R, Wang C, Zhao Q, Wang Y, Li Y: Serum Carboxypeptidase N1 Serves as a Potential Biomarker Complementing CA15-3 for Breast Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2020, 20 (17): 2053-2065.
['Tlhokomeliso: tsa bongaka']
["Websaete ena e etselitsoe ho ruta le ho fana ka boitsebiso feela'me ha e fane ka keletso ea bongaka kapa litšebeletso tsa litsebi."]
["Boitsebiso bo fanoeng ha boa lokela ho sebelisoa ho hlahloba kapa ho phekola bothata ba bophelo bo botle kapa lefu,'me ba batlang keletso ea bongaka ba lokela ho buisana le ngaka e nang le lengolo la tumello."]
['Ka kōpo hlokomela hore neural net e hlahisang likarabo lipotsong, ha e nepahale haholo-holo ha ho tluoa linomorong.']
["Kamehla batla keletso ea ngaka ea hao kapa mofani e mong ea tšoanelehang oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo mabapi le boemo ba bongaka. Le ka mohla u se ke ua hlokomoloha keletso ea setsebi sa bongaka kapa ua lieha ho e batla ka lebaka la ntho eo u e balileng websaeteng ena. Haeba u nahana hore u ka 'na ua ba le boemo ba tšohanyetso ba bongaka, letsetsa 911 kapa u ee kamoreng ea tšohanyetso e haufi hang-hang. Ha ho kamano ea ngaka le mokuli e bōptjoang ke websaeteng ena kapa tšebeliso ea eona. BioMedLib kapa basebetsi ba eona, kapa motho leha e le ofe ea tlatsetsang ho websaeteng ena, ha a etse litemoso, tse hlakileng kapa tse sa hlakang, mabapi le boitsebiso bo fanoeng mona kapa tšebeliso ea eona."]
['Tlhokomeliso: litokelo tsa bangoli']
['Molao oa Digital Millennium Copyright Act oa 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (DMCA) o fana ka litokelo tsa beng ba litokelo tsa bangoli ba lumelang hore thepa e hlahang Inthaneteng e hatakela litokelo tsa bona tlasa molao oa litokelo tsa bangoli ba U.S. ']
['Haeba u lumela ka tumelo e ntle hore litaba leha e le life kapa thepa e fumanehang mabapi le websaeteng kapa litšebeletso tsa rona e tlōla litokelo tsa hau tsa molao, uena (kapa moemeli oa hau) a ka re romella tsebiso e kōpang hore litaba kapa thepa e tlosoe, kapa ho fihlella ho eona ho thibeloe. ']
['Ditsebiso di tlameha ho romelwa ka lengolo ka imeile (bona karolo ya "Ho iteanya" bakeng sa aterese ya imeile). ']
["DMCA e hloka hore tsebiso ea hao ea ho tlōla ha molao ho boleloang hore e na le boitsebiso bo latelang: (1) tlhaloso ea mosebetsi o sirelelitsoeng ka molao o boleloang hore o tlōloa; (2) tlhaloso ea litaba tse boleloang hore li tlōla molao le boitsebiso bo lekaneng ho re lumella ho fumana litaba; (3) boitsebiso ba ho ikopanya le uena, ho akarelletsa aterese ea hau, nomoro ea fono le aterese ea imeile; (4) polelo ea hau ea hore u na le tumelo e ntle ea hore litaba ka tsela e belaelloang ha e lumelloe ke mong'a litokelo tsa molao, kapa moemeli oa eona, kapa ka ts'ebetso ea molao leha e le ofe; "]
['(5) polelo e saennweng ke wena, tlasa kotlo ya ho hlapanya leshano, ya hore tlhahisoleseding e tsebisong e nepahetse le hore o na le matla a ho tiisa ditokelo tsa mongodi tseo ho thweng di a tlolwa; ']
["le (6) ho saena ka letsoho kapa ka elektronike ha mong'a litokelo tsa bangoli kapa motho ea lumeletsoeng ho nka khato lebitsong la mong'a litokelo tsa bangoli. "]
['Ho hloleha ho kenyelletsa tlhahisoleseding yohle e ka hodimo ho ka baka ho dieha ha ho sebetswa tletlebo ya hao.']
['Ho Iteanya']
['Ka kōpo re romelle imeile ka potso / tlhahiso leha e le efe.']
How is breast cancer diagnosed?
Breast cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Clinical breast exam: A healthcare professional will examine the breasts for any lumps, changes in size or shape, or other abnormalities.
2. Mammogram: An x-ray of the breast that can detect abnormalities even before they can be felt.
3. Ultrasound: A test that uses sound waves to create an image of the breast tissue, which can help determine if a lump is solid or filled with fluid.
4. MRI: A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of the breast tissue.
5. Biopsy: A small sample of breast tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
6. Blood tests: Certain blood tests, such as a complete blood count or tumor markers, may be done to help determine the stage of the cancer or to monitor treatment.
7. Genetic testing: If there is a family history of breast cancer, genetic testing may be done to determine if there is an inherited gene mutation that increases the risk of developing breast cancer.
8. Bone scan, CT scan, or PET scan: These imaging tests may be done to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once a diagnosis of breast cancer is made, further tests may be done to determine the stage and grade of the cancer, which helps guide treatment decisions.
Disclaimer: medical
This web site is provided for educational and informational purposes only and does not constitute providing medical advice or professional services.
The information provided should not be used for diagnosing or treating a health problem or disease, and those seeking personal medical advice should consult with a licensed physician.
Please note the neural net that generates answers to the questions, is specially inaccurate when it comes to numeric content. For example, the number of people diagnosed with a specific disease.
Always seek the advice of your doctor or other qualified health provider regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room immediately. No physician-patient relationship is created by this web site or its use. Neither BioMedLib nor its employees, nor any contributor to this web site, makes any representations, express or implied, with respect to the information provided herein or to its use.
Disclaimer: copyright
The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (the “DMCA”) provides recourse for copyright owners who believe that material appearing on the Internet infringes their rights under U.S. copyright law. If you believe in good faith that any content or material made available in connection with our website or services infringes your copyright, you (or your agent) may send us a notice requesting that the content or material be removed, or access to it blocked. Notices must be sent in writing by email (see 'Contact' section for email address) . The DMCA requires that your notice of alleged copyright infringement include the following information: (1) description of the copyrighted work that is the subject of claimed infringement; (2) description of the alleged infringing content and information sufficient to permit us to locate the content; (3) contact information for you, including your address, telephone number and email address; (4) a statement by you that you have a good faith belief that the content in the manner complained of is not authorized by the copyright owner, or its agent, or by the operation of any law; (5) a statement by you, signed under penalty of perjury, that the information in the notification is accurate and that you have the authority to enforce the copyrights that are claimed to be infringed; and (6) a physical or electronic signature of the copyright owner or a person authorized to act on the copyright owner’s behalf. Failure to include all of the above information may result in the delay of the processing of your complaint.
['Hoo e ka bang']
["BioMedLib e sebelisa lik'homphieutha tse iketsang (machine-learning algorithms) ho hlahisa lipotso le likarabo."]
['Re qala ka lingoliloeng tse limilione tse 35 tsa biomedical tsa PubMed/Medline. Hape, maqephe a websaete a RefinedWeb.']
