Ho na le lintho tse'maloa tse ka bakang kankere ea matsoele, tse ling tsa tsona li ka fetoloa'me tse ling ha li khonehe.
Mona ke tse ling tsa lintho tse tloaelehileng tse ka bakang kotsi:
1. Lilemo: Kotsi ea ho tšoaroa ke kankere ea matsoele ea eketseha ha motho a ntse a hōla,'me boholo ba basali ba tšoaroang ke kankere ena ba lilemo tse ka holimo ho 50.
2. Histori ea lelapa: Ho ba le mong ka uena ea haufi, joaloka'mè, khaitseli kapa morali, ea nang le kankere ea matsoele ho eketsa kotsi ea hore u be le eona.
3. Liphetoho tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso: Liphetoho tse itseng tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso tse futsitsoeng, tse kang BRCA1 le BRCA2, li eketsa kotsi ea ho tšoaroa ke kankere ea matsoele.
4. Histori ea ho ba le bana: Ho kena khoeling pele ho nako, ho khaotsa ho ilela khoeli ka mor'a nako, ho se be le bana kapa ho ba le ngoana oa pele ka mor'a lilemo tse 30 ho ka eketsa kotsi.
5. Phekolo ea ho nkeloa sebaka ke lihormone: Ho sebelisa nako e telele phekolo e kopantseng lihormone tsa estrogen le progesterone ka mor'a ho khaotsa ho ilela khoeli ho ka eketsa kotsi.
6. Ho noa joala: Ho noa joala ho eketsa kotsi ea kankere ea matsoele.
7. Botenya: Ho ba motenya kapa ho nona ho eketsa kotsi, haholo-holo ka mor'a ho khaotsa ho ilela khoeli.
8. Ho ikoetlisa: Ho se ikoetlise ho ka eketsa kotsi.
9. Ho pepesehela mahlaseli: Ho pepesehela mahlaseli a mangata, haholo-holo bongoaneng, ho ka eketsa kotsi.
10. Mabele a teteaneng: Basali ba nang le matsoele a teteaneng ba kotsing e khōlō ea ho tšoaroa ke kankere ea matsoele.
11. Ho ea matsatsing pele ho nako: Basali ba ileng ba qala ho ea matsatsing pele ho nako (pele ba e-ba le lilemo tse 12) kapa ba khaotsa ho ea matsatsing hamorao (kamora ho ba le lilemo tse 55) ba kotsing e nyenyane ea ho ba le lefu lena.
12. Ho Nyantsha: Basali ba e-s'o ka ba anyesa ba kotsing e nyenyane ea ho tšoaroa ke kankere ea matsoele.
Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore ho ba le sesosa se le seng kapa tse' maloa tsa kotsi ha ho bolele hore motho o tla ba le kankere ea matsoele, le hore ho se be le sesosa leha e le sefe sa kotsi ha ho bolele hore motho a ke ke a ba le kankere ea matsoele.
Leha ho le joalo, ho utloisisa lintho tsena tse ka bakang kotsi ho ka thusa batho hore ba etse liqeto tse nepahetseng ka bophelo ba bona'me mohlomong ba fokotse kotsi ea ho kula.
Wung SF, Hepworth JT, Sparenga D, Merkle CJ: Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Breast Cancer Outcomes: A Pilot Study. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2015, 42 (5): E330-8.
Frankl G: Risk factors in breast cancer: are they important, are they the same in pre- and post-menopausal breast cancer patients? Oncology. 1980, 37 (1): 41-5.
Ho PJ, Lau HSH, Ho WK, Wong FY, Yang Q, Tan KW, Tan MH, Chay WY, Chia KS, Hartman M, Li J: Incidence of breast cancer attributable to breast density, modifiable and non-modifiable breast cancer risk factors in Singapore. Sci Rep. 2020, 10 (1): 503.
Barnard ME, Boeke CE, Tamimi RM: Established breast cancer risk factors and risk of intrinsic tumor subtypes. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015, 1856 (1): 73-85.
Hines LM, Risendal B, Slattery ML, Baumgartner KB, Giuliano AR, Sweeney C, Rollison DE, Byers T: Comparative analysis of breast cancer risk factors among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women. Cancer. 2010, 116 (13): 3215-23.
Rosner B, Glynn RJ, Eliassen AH, Hankinson SE, Tamimi RM, Chen WY, Holmes MD, Mu Y, Peng C, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Tworoger SS: A Multi-State Survival Model for Time to Breast Cancer Mortality among a Cohort of Initially Disease-Free Women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2022, 31 (8): 1582-1592.
['Tlhokomeliso: tsa bongaka']
["Websaete ena e etselitsoe ho ruta le ho fana ka boitsebiso feela'me ha e fane ka keletso ea bongaka kapa litšebeletso tsa litsebi."]
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['Ka kōpo hlokomela hore neural net e hlahisang likarabo lipotsong, ha e nepahale haholo-holo ha ho tluoa linomorong.']
["Kamehla batla keletso ea ngaka ea hao kapa mofani e mong ea tšoanelehang oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo mabapi le boemo ba bongaka. Le ka mohla u se ke ua hlokomoloha keletso ea setsebi sa bongaka kapa ua lieha ho e batla ka lebaka la ntho eo u e balileng websaeteng ena. Haeba u nahana hore u ka 'na ua ba le boemo ba tšohanyetso ba bongaka, letsetsa 911 kapa u ee kamoreng ea tšohanyetso e haufi hang-hang. Ha ho kamano ea ngaka le mokuli e bōptjoang ke websaeteng ena kapa tšebeliso ea eona. BioMedLib kapa basebetsi ba eona, kapa motho leha e le ofe ea tlatsetsang ho websaeteng ena, ha a etse litemoso, tse hlakileng kapa tse sa hlakang, mabapi le boitsebiso bo fanoeng mona kapa tšebeliso ea eona."]
['Tlhokomeliso: litokelo tsa bangoli']
['Molao oa Digital Millennium Copyright Act oa 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (DMCA) o fana ka litokelo tsa beng ba litokelo tsa bangoli ba lumelang hore thepa e hlahang Inthaneteng e hatakela litokelo tsa bona tlasa molao oa litokelo tsa bangoli ba U.S. ']
['Haeba u lumela ka tumelo e ntle hore litaba leha e le life kapa thepa e fumanehang mabapi le websaeteng kapa litšebeletso tsa rona e tlōla litokelo tsa hau tsa molao, uena (kapa moemeli oa hau) a ka re romella tsebiso e kōpang hore litaba kapa thepa e tlosoe, kapa ho fihlella ho eona ho thibeloe. ']
['Ditsebiso di tlameha ho romelwa ka lengolo ka imeile (bona karolo ya "Ho iteanya" bakeng sa aterese ya imeile). ']
["DMCA e hloka hore tsebiso ea hao ea ho tlōla ha molao ho boleloang hore e na le boitsebiso bo latelang: (1) tlhaloso ea mosebetsi o sirelelitsoeng ka molao o boleloang hore o tlōloa; (2) tlhaloso ea litaba tse boleloang hore li tlōla molao le boitsebiso bo lekaneng ho re lumella ho fumana litaba; (3) boitsebiso ba ho ikopanya le uena, ho akarelletsa aterese ea hau, nomoro ea fono le aterese ea imeile; (4) polelo ea hau ea hore u na le tumelo e ntle ea hore litaba ka tsela e belaelloang ha e lumelloe ke mong'a litokelo tsa molao, kapa moemeli oa eona, kapa ka ts'ebetso ea molao leha e le ofe; "]
['(5) polelo e saennweng ke wena, tlasa kotlo ya ho hlapanya leshano, ya hore tlhahisoleseding e tsebisong e nepahetse le hore o na le matla a ho tiisa ditokelo tsa mongodi tseo ho thweng di a tlolwa; ']
["le (6) ho saena ka letsoho kapa ka elektronike ha mong'a litokelo tsa bangoli kapa motho ea lumeletsoeng ho nka khato lebitsong la mong'a litokelo tsa bangoli. "]
['Ho hloleha ho kenyelletsa tlhahisoleseding yohle e ka hodimo ho ka baka ho dieha ha ho sebetswa tletlebo ya hao.']
['Ho Iteanya']
['Ka kōpo re romelle imeile ka potso / tlhahiso leha e le efe.']
What are the risk factors for breast cancer?
There are several risk factors for breast cancer, some of which are modifiable and others that are not.
Here are some of the most common risk factors:
1. Age: The risk of developing breast cancer increases with age, with most cases occurring in women over the age of 50.
2. Family history: Having a close relative, such as a mother, sister, or daughter, with breast cancer increases your risk.
3. Genetic mutations: Certain inherited gene mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, increase the risk of developing breast cancer.
4. Reproductive history: Early menarche (start of menstruation), late menopause, and having no children or having the first child after age 30 can increase the risk.
5. Hormone replacement therapy: Long-term use of combined estrogen and progesterone hormone therapy after menopause can increase the risk.
6. Alcohol consumption: Drinking alcohol increases the risk of breast cancer.
7. Obesity: Being overweight or obese increases the risk, especially after menopause.
8. Physical activity: Lack of physical activity can increase the risk.
9. Radiation exposure: Exposure to high doses of radiation, particularly during childhood, can increase the risk.
10. Breast density: Women with dense breasts have a higher risk of developing breast cancer.
11. Menstrual history: Women who started menstruating early (before age 12) or went through menopause late (after age 55) have a slightly higher risk.
12. Breastfeeding: Women who have never breastfed have a slightly higher risk of developing breast cancer.
It is important to note that having one or more risk factors does not mean that a person will definitely develop breast cancer, and not having any risk factors does not guarantee that a person will not develop breast cancer.
However, understanding these risk factors can help individuals make informed decisions about their health and potentially reduce their risk.
Disclaimer: medical
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['Hoo e ka bang']
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['Re qala ka lingoliloeng tse limilione tse 35 tsa biomedical tsa PubMed/Medline. Hape, maqephe a websaete a RefinedWeb.']
