Kankere ea tšoelesa ea senya e fumanoa ka ho etsa liteko le mekhoa e mengata, e ka' nang ea akarelletsa:
1. Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): Ngaka e kenya monoana o tlotsitsoeng ka liatlana ka maleng ho utloa hore na ho na le ntho e sa tloaelehang ea tšoelesa ea senya.
2. Teko ea Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA): Ena ke teko ea mali e lekanyang tekanyo ea PSA, e leng protheine e hlahisoang ke tšoelesa ea senya.
Ho phahama ha PSA ho ka' na ha bontša hore motho o na le kankere ea tšoelesa ea senya.
3. Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS): Ho kenngoa ntho e nyenyane ka maleng ho etsa setšoantšo sa tšoelesa ea senya ho sebelisoa maqhubu a molumo.
Sena se ka thusa ho khetholla ho se tloaelehe leha e le hofe ha tšoelesa ea senya.
4. Ho ntšoa lisele: Ho ntšoa lisele tse nyenyane tsa tšoelesa ea senya ebe li hlahlojoa ka microscope ho bona hore na li na le kankere.
Ena ke eona feela tsela e tiileng ea ho fumana kankere ea tšoelesa ea senya.
5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Ho hlahlojoa ha tšoelesa ea senya ka MRI ho ka thusa ho bona lintho tse sa tloaelehang'me ha tataisa mokhoa oa ho e hlahloba.
6. Ho Hlahloba Liphatsa Tsa Lefu: Lingaka tse ling li ka 'na tsa sebelisa liteko tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso ho thusa ho fumana hore na kankere e matla hakae le ho tataisa liqeto tsa phekolo.
7. Bone Scan: Ho ka 'na ha etsoa bone scan ho hlahloba hore na kankere e nametse masapong.
8. Ho Etsa Litšoantšo Tse Nkiloeng ka Khomphuta (CT Scan): Ho ka etsoa CT scan ho bona hore na kankere e nametse lithong tse ling kapa liseleng.
Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore hase banna bohle ba nang le PSA e phahameng kapa liphetho tse sa tloaelehang tsa DRE ba tla ba le kankere ea tšoelesa ea senya,'me hase kankere ea tšoelesa ea senya kaofela e tla baka PSA e phahameng.
Ka hona, ho hlokahala hore ho etsoe tlhahlobo ea lisele tsa'mele ho tiisa hore lefu lena le teng.
Ho phaella moo, qeto ea ho etsa biopsy e etsoa ka mor'a ho hlahloba liphello tsa liteko tsena le lintho tse ka 'nang tsa baka lefu lena le lintho tseo motho a li ratang.
Saldova R, Fan Y, Fitzpatrick JM, Watson RW, Rudd PM: Core fucosylation and alpha2-3 sialylation in serum N-glycome is significantly increased in prostate cancer comparing to benign prostate hyperplasia. Glycobiology. 2011, 21 (2): 195-205.
Marenco J, Kasivisvanathan V, Emberton M: New standards in prostate biopsy. Arch Esp Urol. 2019, 72 (2): 142-149.
Moradi M, Mousavi P, Abolmaesumi P: Computer-aided diagnosis of prostate cancer with emphasis on ultrasound-based approaches: a review. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2007, 33 (7): 1010-28.
Cuperlovic-Culf M, Belacel N, Davey M, Ouellette RJ: Multi-gene biomarker panel for reference free prostate cancer diagnosis: determination and independent validation. Biomarkers. 2010, 15 (8): 693-706.
McGrath SE, Michael A, Morgan R, Pandha H: EN2: a novel prostate cancer biomarker. Biomark Med. 2013, 7 (6): 893-901.
An Y, Chang W, Wang W, Wu H, Pu K, Wu A, Qin Z, Tao Y, Yue Z, Wang P, Wang Z: A novel tetrapeptide fluorescence sensor for early diagnosis of prostate cancer based on imaging Zn2+ in healthy versus cancerous cells. J Adv Res. 2020, 24 (): 363-370.
[Consensus of Chinese experts on the application of molecular imaging targeting prostate specific membrane antigen in prostate cancer patients]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2018, 56 (2): 91-94.
Zhong WD, He HC, Bi XC, Ou RB, Jiang SA, Liu LS: cDNA macroarray for analysis of gene expression profiles in prostate cancer. Chin Med J (Engl). 2006, 119 (7): 570-3.
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['Ho hloleha ho kenyelletsa tlhahisoleseding yohle e ka hodimo ho ka baka ho dieha ha ho sebetswa tletlebo ya hao.']
['Ho Iteanya']
['Ka kōpo re romelle imeile ka potso / tlhahiso leha e le efe.']
How is prostate cancer diagnosed?
Prostate cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): A doctor inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum to feel the prostate for any abnormalities.
2. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: This is a blood test that measures the level of PSA, a protein produced by the prostate gland.
Elevated PSA levels may indicate the presence of prostate cancer.
3. Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS): A small probe is inserted into the rectum to create an image of the prostate using sound waves.
This can help identify any abnormalities in the prostate gland.
4. Biopsy: A small sample of prostate tissue is removed and examined under a microscope for the presence of cancer cells.
This is the only definitive way to diagnose prostate cancer.
5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): An MRI scan of the prostate can help identify any abnormalities and guide the biopsy procedure.
6. Genomic Testing: Some doctors may use genomic tests to help determine the aggressiveness of the cancer and guide treatment decisions.
7. Bone Scan: A bone scan may be performed to check if the cancer has spread to the bones.
8. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: A CT scan may be used to check if the cancer has spread to other organs or tissues.
It is important to note that not all men with elevated PSA levels or abnormal DRE results will have prostate cancer, and not all prostate cancers will cause elevated PSA levels.
Therefore, a biopsy is necessary to confirm the diagnosis.
Additionally, the decision to undergo a biopsy is made after considering the results of these tests and the individual's risk factors and preferences.
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