Pathophysiology ea kankere ea tšoelesa ea senya ke eng?
Pathophysiology ea kankere ea tšoelesa ea senya e bolela mekhoa le mekhoa e ka sehloohong e lebisang ho hlaheng le ho mpefatseng ha lefu lena.
Kankere ea tšoelesa ea senya ke hlahala e kotsi e hlahang liseleng tsa tšoelesa ea senya, e leng setho se senyenyane se bōpehileng joaloka lehe se ka tlas'a senya sa banna.
Prostate e hlahisa peō ea botona, e fepang peō ea botona le ho e tsamaisa.
Sesosa se tobileng sa kankere ea tšoelesa ea senya ha se utloisisoe ka botlalo, empa ho tsejoa hore ho na le lintho tse'maloa tse eketsang kotsi ea ho tšoaroa ke lefu lena.
Tsena li akarelletsa lilemo, histori ea lelapa, morabe le liphetoho tse itseng tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso.
Kankere ea tšoelesa ea senya e atile haholo ho banna ba hōlileng,'me boholo ba linyeoe li etsahala ho banna ba lilemo tse fetang 65.
Ho phaella moo, banna ba nang le lelapa le nang le kankere ea tšoelesa ea senya ba kotsing e khōlō ea ho tšoaroa ke lefu lena, hammoho le banna ba Maafrika le ba Amerika le ba tsoang Caribbean.
Pathophysiology ea kankere ea tšoelesa ea senya e akarelletsa ho hōla le ho arohana ho sa laoleheng ha lisele tsa tšoelesa ea senya.
Sena se ka etsahala ka lebaka la liphetoho tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso tse lebisang ho ho pepeseha ho feteletseng ha lintho tse itseng tse hōlang kapa ho se sebetse ha liphatsa tsa lefutso tse hatellang hlahala.
Liphetoho tsena li ka etsa hore lisele li hōle ka tsela e sa laoleheng, e leng se lebisang ho thehoeng ha hlahala.
Ha hlahala e ntse e hōla, e ka hlasela lisele le litho tse haufi, tse kang senya, mala a ka morao le li-lymph node tse haufi.
Maemong a mang, lisele tsa kankere li ka arohana le hlahala ea mantlha'me tsa namela likarolong tse ling tsa'mele ka mali kapa ka tsamaiso ea lymphatic, e leng mokhoa o tsejoang e le metastasis.
Hang ha kankere e se e nametse, ho ka ba thata ho e phekola.
Kankere ea tšoelesa ea senya e ka boela ea susumetsoa ke lihormone, haholo-holo androgen hormone testosterone.
Testosterone e ka susumetsa ho hōla ha lisele tsa kankere ea tšoelesa ea senya,'me mekhoa e mengata ea ho phekola kankere ea tšoelesa ea senya e reretsoe ho fokotsa litekanyetso tsa hormone ena kapa ho thibela liphello tsa eona.
Ka kakaretso, pathophysiology ea kankere ea tšoelesa ea senya e akarelletsa ho hōla le ho arohana ha lisele tse sa laoleheng ka har'a tšoelesa ea senya, e ka susumetsoang ke liphatsa tsa lefutso, lihormone le tikoloho.
Ho utloisisa mekhoa e ka sehloohong ea lefu lena ke habohlokoa bakeng sa ho hlahisa mekhoa e sebetsang ea phekolo le ho ntlafatsa liphello tsa bakuli ba nang le kankere ea tšoelesa ea senya.
Zobniw CM, Causebrook A, Fong MK: Clinical use of abiraterone in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Res Rep Urol. 2014, 6 (): 97-105.
Lim HY, Agarwal AM, Agarwal N, Ward JH: Recurrent epistaxis as a presenting sign of androgen-sensitive metastatic prostate cancer. Singapore Med J. 2009, 50 (5): e178-80.
Kohli M, Qin R, Jimenez R, Dehm SM: Biomarker-based targeting of the androgen-androgen receptor axis in advanced prostate cancer. Adv Urol. 2012, 2012 (): 781459.
Nelson JB, Hedican SP, George DJ, Reddi AH, Piantadosi S, Eisenberger MA, Simons JW: Identification of endothelin-1 in the pathophysiology of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Nat Med. 1995, 1 (9): 944-9.
Msaouel P, Nandikolla G, Pneumaticos SG, Koutsilieris M: Bone microenvironment-targeted manipulations for the treatment of osteoblastic metastasis in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2013, 22 (11): 1385-400.
Kotani K, Sekine Y, Ishikawa S, Ikpot IZ, Suzuki K, Remaley AT: High-density lipoprotein and prostate cancer: an overview. J Epidemiol. 2013, 23 (5): 313-9.
Jadvar H: Molecular imaging of prostate cancer: a concise synopsis. Mol Imaging. , 8 (2): 56-64.
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['Ho Iteanya']
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What is pathophysiology of prostate cancer?
The pathophysiology of prostate cancer refers to the underlying mechanisms and processes that lead to the development and progression of the disease.
Prostate cancer is a malignant tumor that arises from the cells of the prostate gland, which is a small, walnut-shaped organ located below the bladder in men.
The prostate gland produces seminal fluid, which nourishes and transports sperm.
The exact cause of prostate cancer is not fully understood, but several factors are known to increase the risk of developing the disease.
These include age, family history, race, and certain genetic mutations.
Prostate cancer is more common in older men, with the majority of cases occurring in men over the age of 65.
Additionally, men with a family history of prostate cancer are at an increased risk, as are African American men and men of Caribbean descent.
The pathophysiology of prostate cancer involves the uncontrolled growth and division of cells within the prostate gland.
This can occur due to genetic mutations that lead to the overexpression of certain growth factors or the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes.
These mutations can result in the unregulated growth of cells, leading to the formation of a tumor.
As the tumor grows, it can invade nearby tissues and organs, such as the bladder, rectum, and nearby lymph nodes.
In some cases, cancer cells can break away from the primary tumor and spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system, a process known as metastasis.
Once the cancer has spread, it can be more difficult to treat.
Prostate cancer can also be influenced by hormonal factors, particularly the androgen hormone testosterone.
Testosterone can stimulate the growth of prostate cancer cells, and many treatments for prostate cancer aim to reduce the levels of this hormone or block its effects.
In summary, the pathophysiology of prostate cancer involves the uncontrolled growth and division of cells within the prostate gland, which can be influenced by genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors.
Understanding the underlying mechanisms of the disease is crucial for developing effective treatments and improving outcomes for patients with prostate cancer.
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