Urticaria, e tsejoang hape e le maqoqomete, ke boemo ba letlalo bo khetholloang ke ponahalo ea makhopho a mafubelu, a hlohlona le a ruruhileng letlalong.
E ka bakoa ke lintho tse fapa - fapaneng, ho akarelletsa le ho se utloisisehe ha'mele, tšoaetso le meriana e itseng.
Ho fumana hore motho o na le urticaria ho akarelletsa ho hlahloba hore na o kile a tšoaroa ke'ng, ho mo hlahloba' meleng le ka linako tse ling ho etsa liteko tsa laboratori.
1. Histori ea hae ea bongaka: Ngaka e tla botsa ka histori ea mokuli ea bongaka, ho akarelletsa le hore na o na le mafu afe, hore na o sa tsoa kula neng le hore na o noa meriana efe.
Ba tla boela ba botse hore na matšoao a qalile neng, a nkile nako e kae le hore na ke'ng e ka' nang ea a baka.
2. Ho hlahloba'mele: Ngaka e tla hlahloba letlalo ho bona hore na ho na le mabali, boholo ba 'ona le hore na a hokae.
Ba ka' na ba boela ba hlahloba matšoao a mang a ho se utloisisehe ha lijo tse itseng, a kang ho ruruha ha sefahleho, molomo kapa leleme.
3. Litlhahlobo tsa laboratori: Maemong a mang, ngaka e ka' na ea laela hore ho etsoe litlhahlobo tsa mali ho bona hore na ho na le lintho tse itseng tseo motho a sa li rateng kapa tšoaetso.
Ho ka 'na ha etsoa le liteko tsa letlalo, tse kang ho phunya letlalo kapa ho etsa liteko ka ho kenya sekhomaretsi, ho fumana lintho tse itseng tse bakang ho kula.
4. Liteko tsa ho tšoaroa ke mafu a itseng: Haeba ngaka e belaela hore mokuli o tšoeroe ke mafu a itseng, e ka 'na ea mo isa ngakeng e sebetsanang le mafu a itseng bakeng sa ho etsa liteko tse eketsehileng.
Sena se ka' na sa akarelletsa ho phunya letlalo, ho etsa liteko ka ho kenya sekhomaretsi, kapa ho etsa liteko tsa mali ho fumana lintho tse itseng tse bakang ho kula.
5. Ho hlahloba hore na lefu lena le bakoa ke eng: Ngaka e tla boela e hlahlobe lisosa tse ling tse ka 'nang tsa baka matšoao ana, tse kang maemo a mang a letlalo kapa maemo a mang a bongaka,'me e ka 'na ea laela hore ho etsoe liteko tse eketsehileng ho hlahloba hore na ha li bakoe ke eng.
6. Liteko tsa ho hlohlelletsa: Maemong a ho hlohlona ha'mele, moo litlhaka li bakoang ke lintho tse kang mocheso, serame kapa khatello, ngaka e ka 'na ea etsa teko ea ho hlohlelletsa ho netefatsa hore motho o na le lefu lena.
Sena se akarelletsa ho pepesa letlalo ho ntho eo ho belaelloang hore e baka lefu lena e le hore ho bonahale hore na lea sebetsa kapa che.
7. Liteko tsa ho itšireletsa mafung: Maemong a ho hlohlona ho sa foleng, ngaka e ka 'na ea laela hore ho etsoe liteko ho hlahloba mafu a ho itšireletsa mafung, kaha ka linako tse ling a ka baka boemo bona.
8. Litlhahlobo tsa ho hlahloba ka litšoantšo: Maemong a sa tloaelehang, ho ka 'na ha laeloa hore ho etsoe litlhahlobo tsa ho hlahloba ka litšoantšo tse kang X-ray kapa CT scan e le hore ho ka 'na ha se ke ha fumanoa mafu a mang a ka 'nang a baka matšoao a tšoanang.
Ka kakaretso, ho fumana hore motho o na le urticaria ho akarelletsa ho hlahloba histori ea hae ea bongaka, ho mo hlahloba'meleng le ka linako tse ling ho etsa liteko tsa laboratori.
Sepheo ke ho fumana sesosa sa lefu lena le ho fumana phekolo e molemohali bakeng sa mokuli.
Torabi B, Ben-Shoshan M: The association of cholinergic and cold-induced urticaria: diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2015, 2015 (): .
Schoepke N, Doumoulakis G, Maurer M: Diagnosis of urticaria. Indian J Dermatol. 2013, 58 (3): 211-8.
Hochstadter EF, Ben-Shoshan M: Cold-induced urticaria: challenges in diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2013, 2013 (): .
Ensina LF, Brandão LS, Neto HC, Ben-Shoshan M: Urticaria and angioedema in children and adolescents: diagnostic challenge. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2022, 50 (S Pt 1): 17-29.
Silvestre Salvador JF, Giménez-Arnau AM, Gómez de la Fuente E, González Del Castillo J, Martínez Virto AM, Miguens Blanco I, Serra-Baldrich E, Llorens P: Managing urticaria in the emergency department: recommendations of a multidisciplinary expert panel. Emergencias. 2021, 33 (4): 299-308.
Visitsuntorn N, Tuchinda M, Arunyanark N, Kerdsomnuk S: Ice cube test in children with cold urticaria. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 1992, 10 (2): 111-5.
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['Ho Iteanya']
['Ka kōpo re romelle imeile ka potso / tlhahiso leha e le efe.']
How is urticaria diagnosed?
Urticaria, also known as hives, is a skin condition characterized by the appearance of red, itchy, and swollen welts on the skin.
It can be caused by a variety of factors, including allergic reactions, infections, and certain medications.
Diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
1. Medical history: The doctor will ask about the patient's medical history, including any known allergies, recent illnesses, and medications taken.
They will also inquire about the onset of symptoms, their duration, and any potential triggers.
2. Physical examination: The doctor will examine the skin for the presence of welts, their size, and distribution.
They may also check for other signs of an allergic reaction, such as swelling of the face, lips, or tongue.
3. Laboratory tests: In some cases, the doctor may order blood tests to check for the presence of allergies or infections.
Skin tests, such as a skin prick test or patch test, may also be performed to identify specific allergens.
4. Allergy tests: If the doctor suspects an allergic reaction, they may refer the patient to an allergist for further testing.
This may include skin prick tests, patch tests, or blood tests to identify specific allergens.
5. Differential diagnosis: The doctor will also consider other possible causes of the symptoms, such as other skin conditions or underlying medical conditions, and may order additional tests to rule these out.
6. Provocation tests: In cases of physical urticaria, where the hives are triggered by physical stimuli such as heat, cold, or pressure, the doctor may perform a provocation test to confirm the diagnosis.
This involves exposing the skin to the suspected trigger to see if a reaction occurs.
7. Autoimmune tests: In cases of chronic urticaria, the doctor may order tests to check for autoimmune disorders, as these can sometimes cause the condition.
8. Imaging tests: In rare cases, imaging tests such as an X-ray or CT scan may be ordered to rule out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms.
Overall, diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
The goal is to identify the underlying cause and determine the best course of treatment for the patient.
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