How is Colon cancer diagnosed?

['Dengekeun kaca ieu']

Kumaha carana ngadiagnosa kanker usus?

Kanker usus gedé didiagnosis ku cara maké sababaraha tés jeung prosedur, di antarana:

1. Pariksa awak: Dokter bakal mariksa awak pikeun mariksa lamun aya nu teu normal atawa tanda-tanda panyakit.

2. Tés getih: Tés getih bisa ngabantu pikeun nangtukeun naha aya nu teu normal dina getih nu bisa nunjukkeun ayana kanker.

3. Tés tinja: Tés tinja bisa ngabuktikeun aya getih dina tinja, nu bisa jadi tanda kanker usus.

4. Kolonoskopi: Ieu téh prosedur pikeun mariksa usus gedé ku cara nyuntikkeun tabung ipis nu fleksibel jeung lampu jeung kaméra di tungtungna.

Salila kolonoskopi, dokter ogé bisa nyokot sampel jaringan (biopsi) pikeun nalungtik sél kanker.

5. Sigmoidoskopi: Siga kolonoskopi, sigmoidoskopi nguji bagian handap usus gedé.

6. Virtual colonoscopy: Ieu téh CT scan tina usus nu nyieun gambar 3D tina usus jeung rektum.

7. Tes getih dina tai: Ieu tés mariksa naha aya getih dina tai, nu bisa nunjukkeun ayana kanker.

8. Barium enema: Ieu téh mangrupa tés sinar-X dina usus jeung rektum, nu ngagunakeun bahan kontras pikeun némbongkeun sagala nu teu normal.

9. Biopsi: Biopsi téh nya éta nyokot saeutik jaringan tina usus gedé pikeun nalungtik maké mikroskop pikeun nangtukeun naha aya sél kanker.

10. Tés Imaging: CT scan, MRI scan, jeung x-ray dada bisa dipaké pikeun mariksa naha kanker geus sumebar ka bagian séjén awak.

Sanggeus didiagnosa kanker usus, dokter bakal nangtukeun tahap kankerna, nu bisa ngabantu nangtukeun cara pangobatan nu panghadéna.

Tahapna dumasar kana ukuran jeung lokasina tumor, sarta naha geus sumebar ka bagian awak séjén.

['Rujukan']

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

Su Y, Tian X, Gao R, Guo W, Chen C, Chen C, Jia D, Li H, Lv X: Colon cancer diagnosis and staging classification based on machine learning and bioinformatics analysis. Comput Biol Med. 2022, 145 (): 105409.

Khan FA, Albalawi R, Pottoo FH: Trends in targeted delivery of nanomaterials in colon cancer diagnosis and treatment. Med Res Rev. 2022, 42 (1): 227-258.

Shi J, Fei J, Yi Q, Shen L, Wan B, Chen Y, Chang Q: Treatment of colon cancer in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report. BMC Cancer. 2018, 18 (1): 961.

Ren QG, Huang T, Yang SL, Hu JL: Colon cancer metastasis to the mandibular gingiva with partial occult squamous differentiation: A case report and literature review. Mol Clin Oncol. 2017, 6 (2): 189-192.

Feng HT, Zou S, Chen M, Xiong F, Lee MH, Fang L, Tang BZ: Tuning Push-Pull Electronic Effects of AIEgens to Boost the Theranostic Efficacy for Colon Cancer. J Am Chem Soc. 2020, 142 (26): 11442-11450.

Slattery ML, Kerber RA: The impact of family history of colon cancer on survival after diagnosis with colon cancer. Int J Epidemiol. 1995, 24 (5): 888-96.

Tada M: [Recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer]. Rinsho Byori. 1990, 38 (4): 403-6.

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How is colon cancer diagnosed?

Colon cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:

1. Physical examination: A doctor will perform a physical examination to check for any abnormalities or signs of illness.

2. Blood tests: Blood tests can help determine if there are any abnormalities in the blood that may indicate the presence of cancer.

3. Stool tests: A stool test can detect the presence of blood in the stool, which may be a sign of colon cancer.

4. Colonoscopy: This is a procedure in which a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera on the end is inserted into the rectum to examine the colon.

During a colonoscopy, the doctor can also take tissue samples (biopsies) to be examined for cancer cells.

5. Sigmoidoscopy: Similar to a colonoscopy, a sigmoidoscopy examines the lower part of the colon.

6. Virtual colonoscopy: This is a CT scan of the colon that creates a 3D image of the colon and rectum.

7. Fecal occult blood test: This test checks for the presence of blood in the stool, which may indicate the presence of cancer.

8. Double-contrast barium enema: This is an x-ray examination of the colon and rectum, in which a contrast material is used to highlight any abnormalities.

9. Biopsy: A biopsy is the removal of a small amount of tissue from the colon for examination under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.

10. Imaging tests: CT scans, MRI scans, and chest x-rays may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.

Once a diagnosis of colon cancer is made, the doctor will determine the stage of the cancer, which helps determine the best course of treatment.

Staging is based on the size and location of the tumor, as well as whether it has spread to other parts of the body.

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