Urtikaria, ogé katelah hives, nyaéta kaayaan kulit anu dicirikeun ku munculna warna beureum, gatal, sarta bengkak dina kulit.
Ieu bisa disababkeun ku rupa-rupa faktor, kaasup réaksi alérgi, inféksi, jeung obat-obatan nu tangtu.
Pikeun nangtukeun urtikaria, kudu diitung sajarah panyakit, ditalungtik fisik, jeung sakapeung tés laboratorium.
1. Sajarah kaséhatan: Dokter bakal nanyakeun ngeunaan kaséhatan pasién, kaasup alergi, panyakit nu anyar, jeung obat-obatan nu dipaké.
Maranéhna ogé bakal nanya ngeunaan waktu mimiti gejala, lilana, jeung naon waé nu bisa nyababkeun.
2. Pariksa awak: Dokter bakal mariksa kulit pikeun ningali naha aya baruntus, ukuranana, jeung sebaranana.
Maranéhna ogé bisa mariksa tanda-tanda réaksi alérgi séjénna, saperti bareuh beungeut, biwir, atawa létah.
3. Tés laboratorium: Dina sababaraha kasus, dokter bisa maréntahkeun sangkan tés getih pikeun mariksa lamun aya alergi atawa inféksi.
Tés kulit, saperti tes kulit atawa tes patch, bisa ogé dilakukeun pikeun ngaidentipikasi alergen husus.
4. Tes alergi: Lamun dokter nyangka aya réaksi alérgi, manéhna bisa ngarahkeun pasién ka ahli alérgi pikeun tés salajengna.
Ieu bisa ngawengku tés kulit, tés patch, atawa tés getih pikeun ngaidentipikasi alergén husus.
5. Diagnosa béda: Dokter ogé bakal nalungtik sabab-sabab séjénna nu bisa nyababkeun gejala, misalna panyakit kulit atawa panyakit nu séjénna, sarta bisa maréntahkeun sangkan aya tés tambahan pikeun ngabuktikeun yén panyakit ieu téh lain panyakit.
6. Tes provokasi: Dina kasus urtikaria fisik, lamun hives dipicu ku rangsangan fisik saperti panas, tiis, atawa tekanan, dokter bisa ngalakukeun tes provokasi pikeun mastikeun diagnosis.
Ieu téh ngalibatkeun ngalaan kulit kana zat nu disangka ngabalukarkeun réaksi pikeun ningali naha réaksi lumangsung.
7. Tes sistim imun: Lamun urtikaria kronis, dokter bisa maréntahkeun sangkan diuji pikeun mariksa panyakit sistim imun, sabab sakapeung bisa ngabalukarkeun ieu panyakit.
8. Tés Imaging: Dina kasus nu jarang kajadian, bisa jadi perlu dilakukeun tés Imaging saperti X-ray atawa CT scan pikeun ngabuktikeun aya kasakit séjén nu bisa ngabalukarkeun gejala nu sarua.
Sacara umum, diagnosis urtikaria ngalibatkeun kombinasi sajarah médis, pamariksaan fisik, sarta sakapeung tés laboratorium.
Tujuanana nyaéta pikeun ngaidentipikasi nu nyababkeun jeung nangtukeun cara pangobatan nu panghadéna pikeun nu gering.
Torabi B, Ben-Shoshan M: The association of cholinergic and cold-induced urticaria: diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2015, 2015 (): .
Schoepke N, Doumoulakis G, Maurer M: Diagnosis of urticaria. Indian J Dermatol. 2013, 58 (3): 211-8.
Hochstadter EF, Ben-Shoshan M: Cold-induced urticaria: challenges in diagnosis and management. BMJ Case Rep. 2013, 2013 (): .
Ensina LF, Brandão LS, Neto HC, Ben-Shoshan M: Urticaria and angioedema in children and adolescents: diagnostic challenge. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2022, 50 (S Pt 1): 17-29.
Silvestre Salvador JF, Giménez-Arnau AM, Gómez de la Fuente E, González Del Castillo J, Martínez Virto AM, Miguens Blanco I, Serra-Baldrich E, Llorens P: Managing urticaria in the emergency department: recommendations of a multidisciplinary expert panel. Emergencias. 2021, 33 (4): 299-308.
Visitsuntorn N, Tuchinda M, Arunyanark N, Kerdsomnuk S: Ice cube test in children with cold urticaria. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 1992, 10 (2): 111-5.
['Bantahan: masalah médis']
['Situs wéb ieu ngan keur tujuan pendidikan jeung informasi, lain pikeun méré naséhat atawa jasa profésional.']
['Informasi nu disadiakeun di dieu teu kudu dipaké pikeun nangtukeun atawa ngubaran masalah kaséhatan atawa panyakit.']
['Punten perhatikeun yén jaringan saraf nu ngahasilkeun jawaban kana pananya, teu akurat lamun ngeunaan eusi numeris. contona, jumlah jalma nu didiagnosis kalawan panyakit husus.']
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How is urticaria diagnosed?
Urticaria, also known as hives, is a skin condition characterized by the appearance of red, itchy, and swollen welts on the skin.
It can be caused by a variety of factors, including allergic reactions, infections, and certain medications.
Diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
1. Medical history: The doctor will ask about the patient's medical history, including any known allergies, recent illnesses, and medications taken.
They will also inquire about the onset of symptoms, their duration, and any potential triggers.
2. Physical examination: The doctor will examine the skin for the presence of welts, their size, and distribution.
They may also check for other signs of an allergic reaction, such as swelling of the face, lips, or tongue.
3. Laboratory tests: In some cases, the doctor may order blood tests to check for the presence of allergies or infections.
Skin tests, such as a skin prick test or patch test, may also be performed to identify specific allergens.
4. Allergy tests: If the doctor suspects an allergic reaction, they may refer the patient to an allergist for further testing.
This may include skin prick tests, patch tests, or blood tests to identify specific allergens.
5. Differential diagnosis: The doctor will also consider other possible causes of the symptoms, such as other skin conditions or underlying medical conditions, and may order additional tests to rule these out.
6. Provocation tests: In cases of physical urticaria, where the hives are triggered by physical stimuli such as heat, cold, or pressure, the doctor may perform a provocation test to confirm the diagnosis.
This involves exposing the skin to the suspected trigger to see if a reaction occurs.
7. Autoimmune tests: In cases of chronic urticaria, the doctor may order tests to check for autoimmune disorders, as these can sometimes cause the condition.
8. Imaging tests: In rare cases, imaging tests such as an X-ray or CT scan may be ordered to rule out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms.
Overall, diagnosing urticaria involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes laboratory tests.
The goal is to identify the underlying cause and determine the best course of treatment for the patient.
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