Fisiologi panyakit serangan jantung, nu ogé katelah infark miokard, ngalibatkeun gangguan aliran getih ka bagian otot jantung, nu ngabalukarkeun sél jantung maot.
Ieu biasana kajadian alatan arteri koronér kahalangan ku gumpalan getih, nu mindeng akibat aterosklerosis, kaayaan nu ngabalukarkeun plak ngawangun dina arteri.
Plakna diwangun ku koléstérol, zat lemak, limbah sél, kalsium, jeung fibrin.
Lamun plak nu aya dina jantungna peupeus, bisa ngabalukarkeun getih beku, nu bisa ngahalangan arteri jeung nyegah getih nu loba oksigénna nepi ka otot jantung.
Kurangna oksigén ieu ngabalukarkeun sél otot jantung maot, nu ngabalukarkeun serangan jantung.
Ukuran karuksakanana gumantung kana legana aréa nu disuplai ku arteri nu kahalangan jeung waktu antara serangan jeung diubaran.
Gejala serangan jantung bisa ngawengku nyeri dada atawa teu ngarareunah, sesak napas, seueul, pusing, jeung nyeri leungeun, beuheung, rahang, atawa tonggong.
Cara ngubaran serangan jantung téh biasana ku cara gancang-gancang mulangkeun aliran getih ka otot jantung, ku cara nginum obat atawa ku cara angioplasti jeung stenting atawa operasi bypass arteri koronér.
Penting pikeun dicatet yén patofisiologi serangan jantung téh rumit sarta ngalibatkeun sababaraha faktor, kaasup faktor genetik, gaya hirup, jeung lingkungan.
Faktor résiko serangan jantung téh nyaéta tekanan darah tinggi, koléstérol tinggi, ngaroko, diabetes, obesitas, kurang aktipitas fisik, jeung kulawarga nu boga panyakit jantung.
Ngadalikeun faktor-faktor résiko ieu bisa ngurangan kamungkinan serangan jantung.
Scott J: Pathophysiology and biochemistry of cardiovascular disease. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2004, 14 (3): 271-9.
Liu Chung Ming C, Sesperez K, Ben-Sefer E, Arpon D, McGrath K, McClements L, Gentile C: Considerations to Model Heart Disease in Women with Preeclampsia and Cardiovascular Disease. Cells. 2021, 10 (4): .
Hansen J, Victor RG: Direct measurement of sympathetic activity: new insights into disordered blood pressure regulation in chronic renal failure. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 1994, 3 (6): 636-43.
LaMacchia JC, Roth MB: Aquaporins-2 and -4 regulate glycogen metabolism and survival during hyposmotic-anoxic stress in Caenorhabditis elegans. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2015, 309 (2): C92-6.
Tham YK, Bernardo BC, Ooi JY, Weeks KL, McMullen JR: Pathophysiology of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure: signaling pathways and novel therapeutic targets. Arch Toxicol. 2015, 89 (9): 1401-38.
Lonn E: The clinical relevance of pharmacological blood pressure lowering mechanisms. Can J Cardiol. 2004, 20 Suppl B (): 83B-88B.
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What is pathophysiology of heart attack?
The pathophysiology of a heart attack, also known as myocardial infarction, involves the disruption of blood flow to a part of the heart muscle, leading to the death of heart cells.
This typically occurs due to the obstruction of a coronary artery by a blood clot, which is often the result of atherosclerosis, a condition where plaque builds up in the arteries.
The plaque is made up of cholesterol, fatty substances, cellular waste products, calcium, and fibrin.
When a plaque ruptures, it can cause a blood clot to form, which can block the artery and prevent oxygen-rich blood from reaching the heart muscle.
This lack of oxygen causes the heart muscle cells to die, leading to a heart attack.
The extent of the damage depends on the size of the area supplied by the blocked artery and the time between the attack and treatment.
Symptoms of a heart attack can include chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, nausea, lightheadedness, and pain in the arms, neck, jaw, or back.
Treatment for a heart attack usually involves restoring blood flow to the heart muscle as quickly as possible, either through medication or procedures such as angioplasty and stenting or coronary artery bypass surgery.
It is important to note that the pathophysiology of a heart attack is complex and involves multiple factors, including genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors.
Risk factors for heart attack include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, obesity, lack of physical activity, and a family history of heart disease.
Managing these risk factors can help reduce the likelihood of experiencing a heart attack.
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