Ni mambo gani yanayoweza kusababisha ugonjwa wa kisukari?
Kuna mambo kadhaa ya hatari ya kupata ugonjwa wa kisukari, kutia ndani:
1. Historia ya familia: Kuwa na mzazi au ndugu mwenye ugonjwa wa kisukari huongeza hatari yako.
2. Umri: Hatari ya kupatwa na kisukari cha aina ya 2 huongezeka unapokuwa mzee, hasa baada ya umri wa miaka 45.
3. Uzito: Kuwa na uzito kupita kiasi au kuwa mnene huongeza hatari yako.
4. Kukosa mazoezi ya mwili: Ukosefu wa mazoezi ya mwili waweza kuongeza hatari yako.
5. Jamii au kabila: Vikundi fulani vya kikabila, kama vile Wamarekani wa Kiafrika, Wamarekani wa Kihispania, Wamarekani Wenyeji wa Asili, na Wamarekani wa Asia, wana hatari kubwa zaidi ya kupatwa na kisukari cha aina ya 2.
6. Ugonjwa wa kisukari wa ujauzito: Wanawake ambao wamekuwa na ugonjwa wa kisukari wa ujauzito wakati wa ujauzito wana hatari kubwa ya kupata ugonjwa wa kisukari wa aina ya 2 baadaye maishani.
7. Ugonjwa wa ovari ya polycystic: Wanawake walio na ugonjwa huu wana hatari kubwa zaidi ya kupatwa na kisukari cha aina ya 2.
8. Ugonjwa wa kimetaboliki: Mzunguko huu wa magonjwa, kutia ndani shinikizo la damu la juu, kolesteroli ya juu, na mzunguko mkubwa wa kiuno, huongeza hatari ya ugonjwa wa kisukari wa aina ya 2.
9. Kuvuta sigara: Kuvuta sigara kunaweza kuongeza upinzani wa insulini, ambao waweza kusababisha ugonjwa wa kisukari wa aina ya 2.
10. Ugonjwa wa kisukari: Ugonjwa wa kisukari, au kiwango cha sukari katika damu kilicho juu kuliko kawaida, huongeza hatari ya kupata ugonjwa wa kisukari wa aina ya 2.
11. Uzito mdogo wa kuzaliwa: Watoto wenye uzito mdogo wa kuzaliwa wana hatari kubwa zaidi ya kupatwa na ugonjwa wa kisukari wa aina ya 2 baadaye maishani.
12. Shinikizo la damu la juu: Kuwa na shinikizo la damu la juu huongeza hatari ya kupatwa na kisukari cha aina ya 2.
13. Viwango vya cholesterol na triglyceride visivyo vya kawaida: Viwango vya juu vya triglycerides na viwango vya chini vya HDL (cholesterol nzuri) huongeza hatari ya ugonjwa wa kisukari wa aina ya 2.
14. Apnea ya usingizi: Watu wenye apnea ya usingizi wana hatari kubwa ya kupatwa na kisukari cha aina ya 2.
15. Mkazo: Mkazo wa kudumu waweza kuongeza hatari ya kupatwa na kisukari cha aina ya 2.
16. Dawa fulani: Dawa fulani, kama vile steroidi na dawa za kupunguza ugonjwa wa akili, zaweza kuongeza hatari ya kupatwa na kisukari cha aina ya 2.
17. Uchochezi: Uchochezi sugu waweza kuongeza hatari ya kupatwa na kisukari cha aina ya 2.
18. Mtindo wa maisha usio na shughuli nyingi: Mtindo wa maisha usio na shughuli nyingi waweza kuongeza hatari ya kupatwa na kisukari cha aina ya 2.
19. Chakula chenye mafuta mengi na chenye kalori nyingi: Kula chakula chenye mafuta mengi yasiyofaa na chenye kalori nyingi kunaweza kuongeza hatari ya kupatwa na kisukari cha aina ya 2.
20. Kutumia kileo: Kutumia kileo kupita kiasi kunaweza kuongeza hatari ya kupatwa na kisukari cha aina ya 2.
21. Ukosefu wa usingizi: Ukosefu wa usingizi wa kutosha waweza kuongeza hatari ya kupatwa na kisukari cha aina ya 2.
Uchafuzi wa hewa: Kuathiriwa na uchafuzi wa hewa kunaweza kuongeza hatari ya kupata ugonjwa wa kisukari wa aina ya 2.
23. Maambukizo fulani: Maambukizo fulani, kama vile hepatitis C, yaweza kuongeza hatari ya kupatwa na kisukari cha aina ya 2.
24. Kiwango cha juu cha homocysteine: Kiwango cha juu cha homocysteine, asidi ya amino, kinaweza kuongeza hatari ya kupatwa na kisukari cha aina ya 2.
25. Kiwango cha juu cha asidi ya uriki: Kiwango cha juu cha asidi ya uriki, bidhaa ya taka, kinaweza kuongeza hatari ya kupatwa na kisukari cha aina ya 2.
Viwango vya juu vya protini ya C-reactive: Viwango vya juu vya protini ya C-reactive, alama ya uchochezi, vinaweza kuongeza hatari ya kuendeleza ugonjwa wa kisukari wa aina ya 2.
27. Kiwango cha juu cha fibrinogen: Kiwango cha juu cha fibrinogen, protini inayohusika katika kuganda kwa damu, chaweza kuongeza hatari ya kupatwa na kisukari cha aina ya 2.
Kiwango cha juu cha PAI-1: Kiwango cha juu cha PAI-1, protini inayohusika katika kuganda kwa damu, inaweza kuongeza hatari ya kuendeleza ugonjwa wa kisukari wa aina ya 2.
29. Kiwango cha juu cha leptin: Kiwango cha juu cha leptin, homoni inayohusika katika kudhibiti hamu ya kula, kinaweza kuongeza hatari ya kupatwa na kisukari cha aina ya 2.
30. Viwango vya juu vya resistin: Viwango vya juu vya resistin, homoni inayohusika katika upinzani wa insulini, inaweza kuongeza hatari ya kuendeleza
King WM, Saseen JJ, Anderson SL: Characterization of diabetes risk factors in patients prescribed chronic statin therapy. Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 2014, 5 (5): 206-11.
Bielinski SJ, Pankow JS, Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, Bailey K, Li M, Selvin E, Couper D, Vazquez G, Brancati F: Strength of association for incident diabetes risk factors according to diabetes case definitions: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2012, 175 (5): 466-72.
Gangwisch JE, Gross R, Malaspina D: Differential Associations Between Depression, Risk Factors for Insulin Resistance and Diabetes Incidence in a Large U.S. Sample. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci. 2015, 52 (2): 85-90.
Leiva AM, Martínez MA, Petermann F, Garrido-Méndez A, Poblete-Valderrama F, Díaz-Martínez X, Celis-Morales C: [Risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes in Chile]. Nutr Hosp. 2018, 35 (2): 400-407.
Chatterjee R, Maruthur NM, Edelman D: Novel Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes in African-Americans. Curr Diab Rep. 2015, 15 (12): 103.
Higa S, Maesato A, Ishigaki S, Suenari K, Chen YJ, Chen SA: Diabetes and Endocrine Disorders (Hyperthyroidism/Hypothyroidism) as Risk Factors for Atrial Fibrillation. Card Electrophysiol Clin. 2021, 13 (1): 63-75.
Brodalko B: [Diabetes risk factors in the Regional Railway Hospital in Lublin, described on the basis of medical documentation]. Wiad Lek. 2000, 53 (5-6): 255-61.
Kanusho la dhima: matibabu
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What are the risk factors for diabetes?
There are several risk factors for diabetes, including:
1. Family history: Having a parent or sibling with diabetes increases your risk.
2. Age: The risk of type 2 diabetes increases as you get older, especially after age 45.
3. Weight: Being overweight or obese increases your risk.
4. Physical inactivity: Lack of exercise can increase your risk.
5. Race or ethnicity: Certain ethnic groups, such as African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Native Americans, and Asian Americans, have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
6. Gestational diabetes: Women who have had gestational diabetes during pregnancy are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.
7. Polycystic ovary syndrome: Women with this condition have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
8. Metabolic syndrome: This cluster of conditions, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and large waist circumference, increases the risk of type 2 diabetes.
9. Smoking: Smoking can increase insulin resistance, which can lead to type 2 diabetes.
10. Prediabetes: Having prediabetes, or higher than normal blood sugar levels, increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
11. Low birth weight: Babies with low birth weight have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.
12. High blood pressure: Having high blood pressure increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
13. Abnormal cholesterol and triglyceride levels: High levels of triglycerides and low levels of HDL (good) cholesterol increase the risk of type 2 diabetes.
14. Sleep apnea: People with sleep apnea have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
15. Stress: Chronic stress can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
16. Certain medications: Some medications, such as steroids and antipsychotics, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
17. Inflammation: Chronic inflammation can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
18. Sedentary lifestyle: A sedentary lifestyle can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
19. High-fat, high-calorie diet: Consuming a diet high in unhealthy fats and calories can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
20. Alcohol consumption: Excessive alcohol consumption can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
21. Sleep deprivation: Inadequate sleep can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
22. Air pollution: Exposure to air pollution can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
23. Certain infections: Certain infections, such as hepatitis C, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
24. High levels of homocysteine: High levels of homocysteine, an amino acid, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
25. High levels of uric acid: High levels of uric acid, a waste product, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
26. High levels of C-reactive protein: High levels of C-reactive protein, a marker of inflammation, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
27. High levels of fibrinogen: High levels of fibrinogen, a protein involved in blood clotting, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
28. High levels of PAI-1: High levels of PAI-1, a protein involved in blood clotting, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
29. High levels of leptin: High levels of leptin, a hormone involved in appetite regulation, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
30. High levels of resistin: High levels of resistin, a hormone involved in insulin resistance, can increase the risk of developing
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