Pathophysiology ya ugonjwa wa kisukari inahusu utafiti wa taratibu za kisaikolojia zisizo na utaratibu ambazo husababisha maendeleo ya ugonjwa wa kisukari.
Ugonjwa wa kisukari ni kikundi cha magonjwa ya kimetaboliki yanayoonyeshwa na viwango vya juu vya sukari katika damu (glucose) ambayo hutokana na kasoro katika utaftaji wa insulini, hatua ya insulini, au zote mbili.
Hali ya ugonjwa wa kisukari huhusisha mwingiliano tata wa mambo ya urithi, mazingira, na mtindo-maisha ambayo huchangia maendeleo ya ugonjwa huo.
Katika kisukari cha aina ya 1, pathophysiology inahusisha uharibifu wa autoimmune wa seli za beta zinazozalisha insulini katika kongosho, na kusababisha upungufu wa uzalishaji wa insulini.
Hii husababisha kutokuwa na uwezo wa kudhibiti viwango vya sukari katika damu, na kusababisha hyperglycemia (sukari ya juu katika damu).
Katika kisukari cha aina ya 2, pathophysiology ni ngumu zaidi na inahusisha upinzani wa insulini na usumbufu wa secretion ya insulini.
Upinzani wa insulini hutokea wakati chembe za mwili hazijibu vizuri kwa insulini, na kusababisha kutoweza kutumia glukosi kwa ufanisi kwa nishati.
Hii husababisha kongosho kutengeneza insulini zaidi kujaribu kushinda upinzani, lakini baada ya muda, kongosho inaweza kuwa haiwezi kuendelea na mahitaji, na kusababisha kupungua kwa uzalishaji wa insulini.
Ugonjwa wa kisukari wa ujauzito, ambao hutokea wakati wa ujauzito, husababishwa na mabadiliko ya homoni ambayo husababisha upinzani wa insulini.
Placenta hutokeza homoni zinazoweza kuzuia utendaji wa insulini, na kusababisha ongezeko la viwango vya sukari katika damu.
Pathophysiology ya kisukari pia inahusisha maendeleo ya matatizo, kama vile uharibifu wa mishipa ya damu, neva, na viungo, ambayo inaweza kusababisha matatizo makubwa ya afya kama ugonjwa wa moyo, kiharusi, ugonjwa wa figo, na kupoteza maono.
Kuelewa pathophysiology ya ugonjwa wa kisukari ni muhimu kwa ajili ya kuendeleza matibabu yenye ufanisi na mikakati ya kuzuia kwa ajili ya ugonjwa huu sugu.
Biochemistry and pathophysiology of diabetes. Proceedings of conference on pathophysiology and treatment of diabetes mellitus. 1990. Mol Cell Biochem. 1992, 109 (2): 97-204.
Surampudi PN, John-Kalarickal J, Fonseca VA: Emerging concepts in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mt Sinai J Med. 2009, 76 (3): 216-26.
Johnson D: Selected pathophysiology of diabetes. Semin Perioper Nurs. 1998, 7 (3): 164-78.
Hirsch IB: The changing faces of diabetes. Prim Care. 2003, 30 (3): 499-510.
Guthrie RA, Guthrie DW: Pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. Crit Care Nurs Q. , 27 (2): 113-25.
Felig P: Pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. Med Clin North Am. 1971, 55 (4): 821-34.
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What is pathophysiology of diabetes?
Pathophysiology of diabetes refers to the study of the disordered physiological processes that lead to the development of diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood sugar (glucose) levels that result from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.
The pathophysiology of diabetes involves the complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors that contribute to the development of the disease.
In type 1 diabetes, the pathophysiology involves an autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, leading to a deficiency in insulin production.
This results in an inability to regulate blood glucose levels, leading to hyperglycemia (high blood sugar).
In type 2 diabetes, the pathophysiology is more complex and involves both insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion.
Insulin resistance occurs when the body's cells do not respond properly to insulin, leading to an inability to effectively use glucose for energy.
This causes the pancreas to produce more insulin to try to overcome the resistance, but over time, the pancreas may not be able to keep up with the demand, leading to a decrease in insulin production.
Gestational diabetes, which occurs during pregnancy, is caused by hormonal changes that lead to insulin resistance.
The placenta produces hormones that can block the action of insulin, leading to an increase in blood glucose levels.
The pathophysiology of diabetes also involves the development of complications, such as damage to blood vessels, nerves, and organs, which can lead to serious health problems like heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, and vision loss.
Understanding the pathophysiology of diabetes is crucial for developing effective treatments and prevention strategies for this chronic disease.
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