Kankere ya kgeleswa ya setlha e lemogiwa ka go dirisa mefuta e e farologaneng ya ditlhatlhobo le mekgwa e e ka akaretsang:
1. Go Tlhatlhoba Mogodu ka Diatla (DRE [Digital Rectal Exam]): Ngaka e tsenya monwana o o tshasitsweng ditlelafo le o o tshasitsweng oli mo mogodung go utlwa gore a kgeleswa ya setlha e na le mathata.
2. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: Eno ke teko ya madi e e lekanyang selekanyo sa PSA, e leng poroteine e e tlhagisiwang ke kgeleswa ya kgeleswa ya setlha.
Fa selekanyo sa PSA se le kwa godimo go ka nna ga supa gore motho o na le kankere ya kgeleswa ya setlha.
3. Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS): Go tsenngwa sedirisiwa se sennye mo mogodung go dira setshwantsho sa kgeleswa ya setlha ka go dirisa makhubu a modumo.
Seno se ka thusa go lemoga fa kgeleswa ya setlha e sa dire sentle.
4. Go ntsha disele tsa kankere: Go ntshiwa disele tse dinnye tsa kgeleswa ya setlha mme di bo di tlhatlhobiwa ka maekorosekopo go bona gore a ga di na kankere.
Eno ke yone fela tsela e e tlhomameng ya go lemoga kankere ya kgeleswa ya setlha.
5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Go tlhatlhoba kgeleswa ya setlha ka MRI go ka thusa go lemoga fa go na le sengwe se se sa tlwaelegang mme ga kaela mokgwa wa go tlhatlhoba.
6. Go Tlhatlhoba Dijini: Dingaka dingwe di ka nna tsa dirisa go tlhatlhoba dijini go thusa go bona gore kankere e masisi go le kana kang le go kaela ditshwetso tsa kalafi.
7. Go Sekaseka Marapo: Go ka dirwa go tlhatlhoba marapo go bona gore a kankere e aname mo marapong.
8. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: Go ka nna ga dirisiwa CT scan go bona gore a kankere e aname mo dirweng tse dingwe kgotsa mo dithishung.
Go botlhokwa go ela tlhoko gore ga se banna botlhe ba ba nang le selekanyo se se kwa godimo sa PSA kgotsa ba ba nang le DRE e e sa tlwaelegang ba ba nang le kankere ya kgeleswa ya setlha, e bile ga se kankere ya kgeleswa ya setlha yotlhe e e bakang selekanyo se se kwa godimo sa PSA.
Ka jalo, go tlhokega gore go dirwe biopsy go tlhomamisa gore bolwetse jono bo teng.
Mo godimo ga moo, tshwetso ya gore a motho o tshwanetse go dirwa biopsy e dirwa morago ga go sekaseka se se fitlheletsweng ke ditlhatlhobo tseno le dilo tse di ka dirang gore a nne mo kotsing le se a se ratang.
Saldova R, Fan Y, Fitzpatrick JM, Watson RW, Rudd PM: Core fucosylation and alpha2-3 sialylation in serum N-glycome is significantly increased in prostate cancer comparing to benign prostate hyperplasia. Glycobiology. 2011, 21 (2): 195-205.
Marenco J, Kasivisvanathan V, Emberton M: New standards in prostate biopsy. Arch Esp Urol. 2019, 72 (2): 142-149.
Moradi M, Mousavi P, Abolmaesumi P: Computer-aided diagnosis of prostate cancer with emphasis on ultrasound-based approaches: a review. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2007, 33 (7): 1010-28.
Cuperlovic-Culf M, Belacel N, Davey M, Ouellette RJ: Multi-gene biomarker panel for reference free prostate cancer diagnosis: determination and independent validation. Biomarkers. 2010, 15 (8): 693-706.
McGrath SE, Michael A, Morgan R, Pandha H: EN2: a novel prostate cancer biomarker. Biomark Med. 2013, 7 (6): 893-901.
An Y, Chang W, Wang W, Wu H, Pu K, Wu A, Qin Z, Tao Y, Yue Z, Wang P, Wang Z: A novel tetrapeptide fluorescence sensor for early diagnosis of prostate cancer based on imaging Zn2+ in healthy versus cancerous cells. J Adv Res. 2020, 24 (): 363-370.
[Consensus of Chinese experts on the application of molecular imaging targeting prostate specific membrane antigen in prostate cancer patients]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2018, 56 (2): 91-94.
Zhong WD, He HC, Bi XC, Ou RB, Jiang SA, Liu LS: cDNA macroarray for analysis of gene expression profiles in prostate cancer. Chin Med J (Engl). 2006, 119 (7): 570-3.
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['Tsweetswee re romelele imeile ka potso/kgakololo epe fela.']
How is prostate cancer diagnosed?
Prostate cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): A doctor inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum to feel the prostate for any abnormalities.
2. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: This is a blood test that measures the level of PSA, a protein produced by the prostate gland.
Elevated PSA levels may indicate the presence of prostate cancer.
3. Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS): A small probe is inserted into the rectum to create an image of the prostate using sound waves.
This can help identify any abnormalities in the prostate gland.
4. Biopsy: A small sample of prostate tissue is removed and examined under a microscope for the presence of cancer cells.
This is the only definitive way to diagnose prostate cancer.
5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): An MRI scan of the prostate can help identify any abnormalities and guide the biopsy procedure.
6. Genomic Testing: Some doctors may use genomic tests to help determine the aggressiveness of the cancer and guide treatment decisions.
7. Bone Scan: A bone scan may be performed to check if the cancer has spread to the bones.
8. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: A CT scan may be used to check if the cancer has spread to other organs or tissues.
It is important to note that not all men with elevated PSA levels or abnormal DRE results will have prostate cancer, and not all prostate cancers will cause elevated PSA levels.
Therefore, a biopsy is necessary to confirm the diagnosis.
Additionally, the decision to undergo a biopsy is made after considering the results of these tests and the individual's risk factors and preferences.
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