Pathophysiology ya kankere ya kgeleswa ya setlha ke eng?
Pathophysiology ya kankere ya kgeleswa ya setlha e kaya mekgwa le ditsamaiso tse di bakang gore bolwetse jono bo simolole go gola.
Kankere ya kgeleswa ya setlha ke tlhagala e e kotsi e e simololang mo diseleng tsa kgeleswa ya setlha, e leng serwe se sennye se se bopegileng jaaka walnut se se leng kafa tlase ga setlha mo banneng.
Kgeleswa ya setlha e tlhagisa seedi sa peo, se se fepang peo ya monna le go e tsamaisa.
Se se bakang kankere ya kgeleswa ya setlha ga se itsiwe sentle, mme go na le dilo di le mmalwa tse di ka dirang gore motho a nne mo kotsing ya go tshwarwa ke bolwetse jono.
Dilo tseno di akaretsa dingwaga, hisitori ya lelapa, lotso le diphetogo dingwe tsa dijini.
Kankere ya kgeleswa ya setlha e tlwaelegile thata mo banneng ba ba godileng, mme bontsi jwa dikgetsi di diragala mo banneng ba ba fetang dingwaga di le 65.
Mo godimo ga moo, banna ba ba nang le ba losika ba ba kileng ba tshwarwa ke kankere ya kgeleswa ya setlha ba mo kotsing e kgolwane ya go tshwarwa ke bolwetse jono, fela jaaka banna ba Baafrika ba ba tswang kwa Amerika le ba ba tswang kwa Caribbean.
Pathophysiology ya kankere ya kgeleswa ya setlha e akaretsa go gola le go ikgaoganya ga disele tse di sa laolesegeng mo kgelesweng ya setlha.
Seno se ka direga ka ntlha ya go fetoga ga dijini tse di bakang gore go nne le dilo dingwe tse di dirang gore motho a gole thata kgotsa ka ntlha ya go sa dire ga dijini tse di thibelang go gola ga tlhagala.
Diphetogo tseno di ka dira gore disele di gole ka tsela e e sa laolesegeng, mme seo se ka dira gore go nne le tlhagala.
Fa tlhagala e ntse e gola, e ka tlhasela dithishu le dirwe tse di gaufi, tse di jaaka setlha, mogodu le dikgeleswa tse di gaufi tsa lymph.
Mo mabakeng mangwe, disele tsa kankere di ka tswa mo tlhagaleng e kgolo mme tsa anama go ya kwa dikarolong tse dingwe tsa mmele ka madi kgotsa ka thulaganyo ya lymphatic, e leng tiragalo e e bidiwang metastasis.
Fa kankere e setse e aname, go ka nna thata go e alafa.
Kankere ya kgeleswa ya setlha le yone e ka tlhotlhelediwa ke dihoromone, segolobogolo horomone ya androgen e e bidiwang testosterone.
Testosterone e ka dira gore disele tsa kankere ya kgeleswa ya setlha di gole, mme mefuta e le mentsi ya kalafi ya kankere ya kgeleswa ya setlha e leka go fokotsa selekanyo sa horomone eno kgotsa go thibela ditlamorago tsa yone.
Ka bokhutshwane fela, pathophysiology ya kankere ya kgeleswa ya setlha e akaretsa go gola le go ikgaoganya ga disele mo kgelesweng ya setlha go go sa laolesegeng, mo go ka tlhotlhelediwang ke dijini, dihoromone le tikologo.
Go tlhaloganya dilo tse di bakang bolwetse jono go botlhokwa thata gore go nne le kalafi e e molemo le gore go tokafadiwe kalafi ya balwetse ba kankere ya kgeleswa ya setlha.
Zobniw CM, Causebrook A, Fong MK: Clinical use of abiraterone in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Res Rep Urol. 2014, 6 (): 97-105.
Lim HY, Agarwal AM, Agarwal N, Ward JH: Recurrent epistaxis as a presenting sign of androgen-sensitive metastatic prostate cancer. Singapore Med J. 2009, 50 (5): e178-80.
Kohli M, Qin R, Jimenez R, Dehm SM: Biomarker-based targeting of the androgen-androgen receptor axis in advanced prostate cancer. Adv Urol. 2012, 2012 (): 781459.
Nelson JB, Hedican SP, George DJ, Reddi AH, Piantadosi S, Eisenberger MA, Simons JW: Identification of endothelin-1 in the pathophysiology of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Nat Med. 1995, 1 (9): 944-9.
Msaouel P, Nandikolla G, Pneumaticos SG, Koutsilieris M: Bone microenvironment-targeted manipulations for the treatment of osteoblastic metastasis in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2013, 22 (11): 1385-400.
Kotani K, Sekine Y, Ishikawa S, Ikpot IZ, Suzuki K, Remaley AT: High-density lipoprotein and prostate cancer: an overview. J Epidemiol. 2013, 23 (5): 313-9.
Jadvar H: Molecular imaging of prostate cancer: a concise synopsis. Mol Imaging. , 8 (2): 56-64.
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['(5) polelo e e saenilweng ke wena, e e supang gore tshedimosetso e e mo kitsisong e boammaaruri le gore o na le thata ya go diragatsa ditshwanelo tsa botaki tse go tweng di gatakilwe;']
['le (6) saena ya mmatota kgotsa ya eleketeroniki ya mong wa tshwanelo ya go gatisa kgotsa motho yo o filweng tetla ya go dira mo boemong jwa mong wa tshwanelo ya go gatisa. ']
['Fa o sa akaretse tshedimosetso yotlhe e e fa godimo e ka nna ya diegisa go sekasekwa ga ngongorego ya gago.']
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['Tsweetswee re romelele imeile ka potso/kgakololo epe fela.']
What is pathophysiology of prostate cancer?
The pathophysiology of prostate cancer refers to the underlying mechanisms and processes that lead to the development and progression of the disease.
Prostate cancer is a malignant tumor that arises from the cells of the prostate gland, which is a small, walnut-shaped organ located below the bladder in men.
The prostate gland produces seminal fluid, which nourishes and transports sperm.
The exact cause of prostate cancer is not fully understood, but several factors are known to increase the risk of developing the disease.
These include age, family history, race, and certain genetic mutations.
Prostate cancer is more common in older men, with the majority of cases occurring in men over the age of 65.
Additionally, men with a family history of prostate cancer are at an increased risk, as are African American men and men of Caribbean descent.
The pathophysiology of prostate cancer involves the uncontrolled growth and division of cells within the prostate gland.
This can occur due to genetic mutations that lead to the overexpression of certain growth factors or the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes.
These mutations can result in the unregulated growth of cells, leading to the formation of a tumor.
As the tumor grows, it can invade nearby tissues and organs, such as the bladder, rectum, and nearby lymph nodes.
In some cases, cancer cells can break away from the primary tumor and spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system, a process known as metastasis.
Once the cancer has spread, it can be more difficult to treat.
Prostate cancer can also be influenced by hormonal factors, particularly the androgen hormone testosterone.
Testosterone can stimulate the growth of prostate cancer cells, and many treatments for prostate cancer aim to reduce the levels of this hormone or block its effects.
In summary, the pathophysiology of prostate cancer involves the uncontrolled growth and division of cells within the prostate gland, which can be influenced by genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors.
Understanding the underlying mechanisms of the disease is crucial for developing effective treatments and improving outcomes for patients with prostate cancer.
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