Ýürek krizi kesel taryhy, beden barlag we anyklama barlaglary arkaly anyklanýar.
Ýürek kriziniň anyklanmagy üçin ulanylýan iň köp ulanylýan anyklama testlerine şular degişli:
1. Elektrokardiogramma (EKG): Bu bejergi arkaly ýüregiň elektriki hereketini ölçäp, ýüregiň agyrlaşandygyny görkezýän nädogry hereketleri bilse bolýar.
2. Gan barlaglary: Gan barlaglary ýürek aýagynyň zyýanlanmagy bilen gan akymyna çykýan käbir fermentleriň we proteinleriň derejesini ölçäp biler.
Ýürek kriziniň anyklanmagy üçin iň köp ulanylýan gan barlamalary troponin we kreatin kinaz (CK-MB) barlamalarydyr.
3. Ekokardiogramma: Bu bejergi arkaly sesiň kömegi bilen ýüregiň hereket edýän suraty alnyp, lukmanlara ýüreginiň işleýşini barlamaga we onuň zaýalan ýerlerini bilmäge kömek edýär.
4. Koronar angiografiýa: bu barlagda koronariýa arterlerine reňk girizilýär we arteriýalaryň ýapylmagyny ýa-da daralmagyny anyklamak üçin rentgen suratlary alynýar.
5. Ýüregiň tomografiýasy ýa - da MRI: Bu bejergiler arkaly lukmanlara ýüregiň we onuň gan damarlarynyň jikme - jik suratlaryny alyp, olaryň zaýalanandygyny ýa - da tıkanandygyny bilmäge kömek edýär.
6. Stress testi: Bu testde ýöreýän ýüpde ýa-da dury tigirli maşyn bilen hereket etmeklik bar, bu wagt ýüregiň strese nähili seslenýändigini görmek üçin seredilýär.
Bu ýüregiň işinde nädogryligi anyklamaga kömek edýär.
Ýüregiň kateterizasiýasy: Bu invaziýaly barlagda kateteriň el ýa aýagyň gan damaryna girizilip, ýüregine eltmegi aňladýar.
Soňra barlag geçirilýär we barlyk çäklendirilen arteriýalary anyklamak üçin, koronariýa arteriýasyna reňk girizilýär.
Bu barlaglaryň birleşmegi, keselçiniň alamaty we öňki ýagdaýy lukmanlara ýüreginiň agyrandygyny anyklamaga we bejeriş usulyny bilmäge kömek edýär.
Narcisse MR, Rowland B, Long CR, Felix H, McElfish PA: Heart Attack and Stroke Symptoms Knowledge of Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders in the United States: Findings From the National Health Interview Survey. Health Promot Pract. 2021, 22 (1): 122-131.
Atar D: [How to diagnose a heart attack in 2012?]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2012, 132 (3): 265-6.
Kriszbacher I, Bódis J, Boncz I, Koppan A, Koppan M: The time of sunrise and the number of hours with daylight may influence the diurnal rhythm of acute heart attack mortality. Int J Cardiol. 2010, 140 (1): 118-20.
New ultrafast MRI promises faster diagnosis of heart attack and stroke. J Cardiovasc Manag. , 10 (5): 17-9.
Duijts SFA, van der Beek AJ, Bleiker EMA, Smith L, Wardle J: Cancer and heart attack survivors' expectations of employment status: results from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. BMC Public Health. 2017, 17 (1): 640.
Kriszbacher I, Csoboth I, Boncz I, Bódis J: [The daily rhythm of heart attack morbidity and mortality may be influenced by the time of sunrise]. Orv Hetil. 2008, 149 (46): 2183-7.
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How is heart attack diagnosed?
A heart attack is diagnosed through a combination of the patient's medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests.
The most common diagnostic tests used to diagnose a heart attack include:
1. Electrocardiogram (ECG): This test measures the electrical activity of the heart and can detect abnormalities that may indicate a heart attack.
2. Blood tests: Blood tests can measure the levels of certain enzymes and proteins that are released into the bloodstream when the heart muscle is damaged.
The most common blood tests used to diagnose a heart attack are troponin and creatine kinase (CK-MB) tests.
3. Echocardiogram: This test uses sound waves to create a moving image of the heart, which can help doctors assess the function of the heart and identify any areas of damage.
4. Coronary angiography: This test involves injecting a dye into the coronary arteries and taking X-ray images to identify any blockages or narrowing of the arteries.
5. Cardiac CT or MRI: These imaging tests can provide detailed images of the heart and its blood vessels, which can help doctors identify any damage or blockages.
6. Stress test: This test involves exercising on a treadmill or stationary bike while the heart is monitored to see how it responds to stress.
It can help identify any abnormalities in the heart's function.
7. Cardiac catheterization: This invasive test involves inserting a catheter into a blood vessel in the arm or leg and guiding it to the heart.
Dye is then injected into the coronary arteries to identify any blockages or narrowing.
A combination of these tests, along with the patient's symptoms and medical history, can help doctors diagnose a heart attack and determine the best course of treatment.
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