Akciger raky bir topar barlaglar we usullar arkaly anyklanýar, olara şular degişli bolup biler:
1. Medik taryhy we beden barlagy: lukman siziň alamatlaryňyz, çilim çekýändigiňiz we maşgalaňyzda akciger raky bolanlygy barada sorar.
Olar keselligiň alamatlaryny barlamak üçin fiziki barlagy hem geçirerler.
2. suratlandyrma barlaglary: Göwrägiň rentgen we kompýuter tomografiýasy (KT) köplenç akcigerleriň we daş-töweregindäki gurluşyklaryň jikme-jik suratlaryny ýaratmak üçin ulanylýar.
Bu barlaglar akciger rakynyň bardygyny görkezýän tümörler ýa-da düýpler ýaly anormallikleri tapmaga kömek edýär.
3. Tükürük sitologiyasy: Tükürükden (akcigerden öksürilen sümük) nusga rak öýjüklerini gözlemek üçin mikroskop astynda barlanýar.
4. Biopsi: Akciger ýüpleriniň nusgasy alnyp, rak öýjükleriniň bardygyny anyklamak üçin mikroskop astynda barlanýar.
Bu bronhoskopy, iňňeli biopsi ýa-da hirurgiýa biopsiýasy arkaly edilýär.
5. Bronhoskopy: Nefes ýollaryny we akcigerleri barlamak üçin kameraly ýönekeý, yşykly tüp burun ýa-da agyzdan we garynçadan aşak girizilýär.
Bu usul biopsiya üçin doku nusgalaryny ýygnamak üçin hem ulanylýar.
7. Torakentez: Ýagyşly siňir bilen göwräniň diwarynyň arasyndaky boşlukdan ýagyşly siňir alnyp, rak öýjükleriniň bardygy barlanýar.
8. Gan analizi: Gan analizi bilen akciger raky anyklanmasa - da, ol keselçiniň saglygyny anyklamaga we rak keseliniň bardygyny görkezýän nädogryligi anyklamaga kömek edýär.
9. Sümük skaneri, MRI, PET skaneri we başga barlaglar: Bu barlaglar rakyň bedeniň başga ýerlerine ýaýrandygyny anyklamak üçin ulanylýar.
Öküz raky anyklanandan soň, rakyň stadiýasyny anyklamak üçin ek barlaglar geçirilýär, bu bejergi kararlaryna kömek edýär.
Bu barlaglara beýniniň tomografiýasy, süňk taramy ýa-da pozitron emissiya tomografiýasy (PET) ýaly suratlandyrma barlaglary degişli.
Zhou P, Lu F, Wang J, Wang K, Liu B, Li N, Tang B: A portable point-of-care testing system to diagnose lung cancer through the detection of exosomal miRNA in urine and saliva. Chem Commun (Camb). 2020, 56 (63): 8968-8971.
Ni J, Guo Z, Zhang L: [The diagnostic significance of single or combination lung cancer-related serum biomarkers in high risk lung cancer patients]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi. 2016, 55 (1): 25-30.
Nishiyama N, Nakatani S, Iwasa R, Taguchi S, Inoue K, Kinoshita H: [Differential diagnosis between peripheral lung cancer invading the chest wall and chest-wall tumors]. Kyobu Geka. 1997, 50 (10): 893-7.
Kang C, Wang D, Zhang X, Wang L, Wang F, Chen J: Construction and Validation of a Lung Cancer Diagnostic Model Based on 6-Gene Methylation Frequency in Blood, Clinical Features, and Serum Tumor Markers. Comput Math Methods Med. 2021, 2021 (): 9987067.
Heydari F, Rafsanjani MK: A Review on Lung Cancer Diagnosis Using Data Mining Algorithms. Curr Med Imaging. 2021, 17 (1): 16-26.
Li L, Feng T, Zhang W, Gao S, Wang R, Lv W, Zhu T, Yu H, Qian B: MicroRNA Biomarker hsa-miR-195-5p for Detecting the Risk of Lung Cancer. Int J Genomics. 2020, 2020 (): 7415909.
Li B, Yuan Q, Zou YT, Su T, Lin Q, Zhang YQ, Shi WQ, Liang RB, Ge QM, Li QY, Shao Y: CA-125, CA-153, and CYFRA21-1 as clinical indicators in male lung cancer with ocular metastasis. J Cancer. 2020, 11 (10): 2730-2736.
Magee ND, Villaumie JS, Marple ET, Ennis M, Elborn JS, McGarvey JJ: Ex vivo diagnosis of lung cancer using a Raman miniprobe. J Phys Chem B. 2009, 113 (23): 8137-41.
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How is lung cancer diagnosed?
Lung cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Medical history and physical examination: The doctor will ask about your symptoms, smoking history, and family history of lung cancer.
They will also perform a physical examination to check for any signs of the disease.
2. Imaging tests: Chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans are commonly used to create detailed images of the lungs and surrounding structures.
These tests can help detect abnormalities, such as tumors or nodules, that may indicate the presence of lung cancer.
3. Sputum cytology: A sample of your sputum (mucus coughed up from the lungs) is examined under a microscope to look for cancer cells.
4. Biopsy: A sample of lung tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
This can be done through a bronchoscopy, needle biopsy, or surgical biopsy.
5. Bronchoscopy: A thin, lighted tube with a camera is inserted through the nose or mouth and down the throat to examine the airways and lungs.
This procedure can also be used to collect tissue samples for biopsy.
6. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA): A thin needle is inserted into the lung nodule or mass to collect a sample of cells for examination.
7. Thoracentesis: Fluid is removed from the space between the lungs and chest wall using a needle, and the fluid is then examined for cancer cells.
8. Blood tests: While blood tests alone cannot diagnose lung cancer, they can help determine the overall health of the patient and identify any abnormalities that may indicate the presence of cancer.
9. Bone scan, mri, pet scan, and other tests: These tests may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once lung cancer is diagnosed, additional tests may be performed to determine the stage of the cancer, which helps guide treatment decisions.
These tests may include more imaging tests, such as a CT scan of the brain, bone scan, or positron emission tomography (PET) scan.
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