Akciger raky üçin howply faktorlara şular degişli:
1. Tüsseme: Siqaret tüssemegi öksürik rakynyň esasy sebäpleridir.
Günde çilim çekýän adam näçe ýyl çilim çekse, şonça-da howply bolýar.
2. Tüsseden içýän adam: Tüsseden içýän adamda akciger raky mümkin.
3. Radon gazy: tebigy radioaktiv gazy bolan radon gazynyň köp bolşy sebäpli, akciger raky mümkin.
Asbest we başga rak döredýän zatlar: Asbest, arsenik, krom, nikel, kömür, gazyň we başga zatlar bilen işleşmeklik akciger rakyna sebäp bolup biler.
5. Hawanyň hapalanmagy: Hawanyň hapalanmagyna köp wagtlap, esasanam, şäherlerde duş gelmeklik, akciger rakynyň döremegine biraz sebäp bolup biler.
Maşgala taryhy: Maşgala taryhynyň biri akciger rakyna uçramagy mümkin.
7. Öýke keseliniň şahsy taryhy: Öýke keseliniň taryhy bolan adamlar (HÖKB) ýa-da tüberküloz ýaly öýke keseliniň taryhy bolan adamlar öýke rakynyň has köp bolmagy mümkin.
8. Ýaş: Adam gartaşança, onuň akciger raky bilen keselleme mümkinçiligi artýar.
9. Jynsy: erkek adamlarda aýallara garanyňda köpüsiniň rak keseline uçramagy mümkin.
10. Şöhleli bejergi: Öňki rak keselinden döşüne şöhleli bejergi berilse, bu akciger rakynyň döremegine sebäp bolup biler.
11. iýmit: miwe we gögerçini az iýýän adamda akciger raky bolmagy mümkin.
12. Spirtli içgileri köp içmeklik akciger rakynyň döremegine sebäp bolýar.
Genetika: Genetika üýtgändigi sebäpli, adamda akciger raky bolmagy mümkin.
Bu bir ýa-da birnäçesi howply faktorlaryň bolmagy adamyň akciger rakyna uçrajakdygyny aňlatmaýandygyny we akciger rakyna uçran käbir adamlaryň hiç hili howply faktorlary bolmaýandygyny unutmaly däl.
Emma bu howply zatlar bilen gatnaşmagyň öňüni almak ýa-da olary azaltmak, akciger rakynyň döremegine päsgel bermegiň öňüni almaga kömek edýär.
Jin YJ, Tang W, Huang Y, Wang JW, Hou DH, Qi LL, Zhao SJ, Wu N: [Risk factors for lung cancer based on low-dose computed tomography screening]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi. 2020, 42 (3): 222-227.
Hosseini M, Naghan PA, Karimi S, SeyedAlinaghi S, Bahadori M, Khodadad K, Mohammadi F, Kaynama K, Keynama K, Masjedi MR: Environmental risk factors for lung cancer in Iran: a case-control study. Int J Epidemiol. 2009, 38 (4): 989-96.
Zhou X, Hu J, Zhang C, Zhan Y, Song Y, Fan W, Hu Z, Yang H, Yang Q, Wu D, Li F, Li D, Nie R: Clinical characteristics and risk factors for in-hospital mortality of lung cancer patients with COVID-19: A multicenter, retrospective, cohort study. Thorac Cancer. 2021, 12 (1): 57-65.
Liu X, Fan Y, Jiang Y, Xiang J, Wang J, Sun Z, Ren G, Yao S, Chang R, Zhao Y, Qiao Y, Zhou Q: [A cohort study on risk factors of lung cancer in Yunnan tin miners]. Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi. 2013, 16 (4): 184-90.
Aoun J, Saleh N, Waked M, Salamé J, Salameh P: Lung cancer correlates in Lebanese adults: a pilot case--control study. J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2013, 3 (4): 235-44.
Chan-Yeung M, Koo LC, Ho JC, Tsang KW, Chau WS, Chiu SW, Ip MS, Lam WK: Risk factors associated with lung cancer in Hong Kong. Lung Cancer. 2003, 40 (2): 131-40.
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What are the risk factors for lung cancer?
The risk factors for lung cancer include:
1. Smoking: Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer.
The risk increases with the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the number of years a person has smoked.
2. Secondhand smoke: Exposure to secondhand smoke can increase the risk of lung cancer in non-smokers.
3. Radon gas: Exposure to high levels of radon gas, a naturally occurring radioactive gas, can increase the risk of lung cancer.
4. Asbestos and other carcinogens: Exposure to asbestos, arsenic, chromium, nickel, soot, tar, and other substances can cause lung cancer.
5. Air pollution: Long-term exposure to air pollution, particularly in urban areas, may slightly increase the risk of lung cancer.
6. Family history: A family history of lung cancer may increase a person's risk.
7. Personal history of lung disease: People with a history of lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or tuberculosis may have an increased risk of lung cancer.
8. Age: The risk of lung cancer increases with age, with most cases occurring in people over the age of 65.
9. Gender: Men are more likely to develop lung cancer than women.
10. Radiation therapy: Previous radiation therapy to the chest for other cancers can increase the risk of lung cancer.
11. Diet: A diet low in fruits and vegetables may increase the risk of lung cancer.
12. Alcohol consumption: Heavy alcohol consumption may increase the risk of lung cancer.
13. Genetics: Certain genetic mutations may increase the risk of lung cancer.
It is important to note that having one or more of these risk factors does not necessarily mean a person will develop lung cancer, and some people who develop lung cancer may not have any known risk factors.
However, reducing or avoiding exposure to these risk factors can help lower the chances of developing lung cancer.
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