How is Heart attack diagnosed?

['Phulaphula eli phepha']

Uxilongwa njani umntu onesifo sentliziyo?

Isifo sentliziyo sifunyaniswa ngokudibanisa imbali yezonyango yomguli, ukuxilongwa ngokwasemzimbeni nokuxilongwa.

Ezona mvavanyo ziqhelekileyo zokuxilonga ukuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo ziquka:

1. I-electrocardiogram (ECG): Olu hlolisiso luvavanya indlela intliziyo esebenza ngayo yaye lunokufumanisa izinto ezingaqhelekanga ezinokubonisa ukuba kukho isifo sentliziyo.

2. Uvavanyo lwegazi: Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokulinganisa umlinganiselo weeenzymes ezithile neeprotini ezikhutshwa egazini xa kukho umonakalo kwisihlunu sentliziyo.

Ezona mvavanyo ziqhelekileyo zegazi ezisetyenziselwa ukuxilonga isifo sentliziyo ziimvavanyo zetroponin necreatine kinase (CK-MB).

3. I - Echocardiogram: Olu hlolisiso lusebenzisa amaza esandi ukuze kubonakale intliziyo, nto leyo enokunceda oogqirha babone indlela esebenza ngayo intliziyo baze babone iindawo ezonakeleyo.

4. Icoronary angiography: Olu hlolisiso lubandakanya ukufaka idayi kwimithambo-luvo yentliziyo uze ufote ngayo ukuze ubone ukuba kukho ukuvaleka okanye ukuxinana kwemithambo-luvo.

5. I-CT okanye i-MRI yentliziyo: Ezi ndlela zokuxilonga zinokuvelisa imifanekiso enzulu yentliziyo nemithambo yayo, nto leyo enokunceda oogqirha babone nawuphi na umonakalo okanye ukuvaleka.

6. Uvavanyo loxinzelelo: Olu vavanyo lubandakanya ukwenza umthambo kumatshini wokuzilolonga okanye kwibhayisekile emileyo ngoxa intliziyo ihlolwa ukuze kubonwe indlela ephendula ngayo kuxinzelelo.

Inokukunceda ubone nayiphi na into engaqhelekanga ekusebenzeni kwentliziyo.

7. Ukutsalwa kwe-catheter entliziyweni: Olu vavanyo luquka ukufakwa kwe-catheter kumthambo wegazi osezandleni okanye emilenzeni ize ikhokelwe entliziyweni.

Emva koko kufakwa idayi kwimithambo-luvo ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho ukuvaleka okanye ukuxinana kusini na.

Xa ezi zinto zidityanisiwe neempawu zomguli nembali yakhe, oko kunokunceda oogqirha babone ukuba unesifo sentliziyo baze bamisele olona nyango lufanelekileyo.

['Iimbekiselo']

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

Narcisse MR, Rowland B, Long CR, Felix H, McElfish PA: Heart Attack and Stroke Symptoms Knowledge of Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders in the United States: Findings From the National Health Interview Survey. Health Promot Pract. 2021, 22 (1): 122-131.

Atar D: [How to diagnose a heart attack in 2012?]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2012, 132 (3): 265-6.

Kriszbacher I, Bódis J, Boncz I, Koppan A, Koppan M: The time of sunrise and the number of hours with daylight may influence the diurnal rhythm of acute heart attack mortality. Int J Cardiol. 2010, 140 (1): 118-20.

New ultrafast MRI promises faster diagnosis of heart attack and stroke. J Cardiovasc Manag. , 10 (5): 17-9.

Duijts SFA, van der Beek AJ, Bleiker EMA, Smith L, Wardle J: Cancer and heart attack survivors' expectations of employment status: results from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. BMC Public Health. 2017, 17 (1): 640.

Kriszbacher I, Csoboth I, Boncz I, Bódis J: [The daily rhythm of heart attack morbidity and mortality may be influenced by the time of sunrise]. Orv Hetil. 2008, 149 (46): 2183-7.

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['Ukungabandakanyi lonke ulwazi olungentla kungakhokelela ekulibaziseni ukuphathwa kwesikhalazo sakho.']

['Unxibelelwano']

['Nceda usithumelele i-imeyile ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo / iingcebiso.']

How is heart attack diagnosed?

A heart attack is diagnosed through a combination of the patient's medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests.

The most common diagnostic tests used to diagnose a heart attack include:

1. Electrocardiogram (ECG): This test measures the electrical activity of the heart and can detect abnormalities that may indicate a heart attack.

2. Blood tests: Blood tests can measure the levels of certain enzymes and proteins that are released into the bloodstream when the heart muscle is damaged.

The most common blood tests used to diagnose a heart attack are troponin and creatine kinase (CK-MB) tests.

3. Echocardiogram: This test uses sound waves to create a moving image of the heart, which can help doctors assess the function of the heart and identify any areas of damage.

4. Coronary angiography: This test involves injecting a dye into the coronary arteries and taking X-ray images to identify any blockages or narrowing of the arteries.

5. Cardiac CT or MRI: These imaging tests can provide detailed images of the heart and its blood vessels, which can help doctors identify any damage or blockages.

6. Stress test: This test involves exercising on a treadmill or stationary bike while the heart is monitored to see how it responds to stress.

It can help identify any abnormalities in the heart's function.

7. Cardiac catheterization: This invasive test involves inserting a catheter into a blood vessel in the arm or leg and guiding it to the heart.

Dye is then injected into the coronary arteries to identify any blockages or narrowing.

A combination of these tests, along with the patient's symptoms and medical history, can help doctors diagnose a heart attack and determine the best course of treatment.

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