How to prevent Lung cancer?

Ungawuthintela njani umhlaza wemiphunga?

1. Yeka ukutshaya okanye ungaqali: Ukutshaya ngoyena nobangela uphambili womhlaza wemiphunga, ngoko ukuyeka okanye ukuphepha ukutshaya yeyona nto ibalulekileyo enokunceda ekuthinteleni umhlaza wemiphunga.

2. Musa ukutshaya umsi womnye umntu: Kuphephe ukuba phakathi kwabantu abatshayayo, kuba ukutshaya umsi womnye umntu kunokukwenza ube nomhlaza wemiphunga.

3. Kuphephe ukuchanabeka kwigesi yeradon: Igesi yeradon yigesi enemitha eyenzeka ngokwemvelo enokubangela umhlaza wemiphunga.

Hlola umlinganiselo weradon ekhayeni lakho uze wenze amanyathelo okuwunciphisa ukuba kuyimfuneko.

4. Musa ukungcolisa umoya: Ukungcoliswa komoya, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezisezidolophini, kunokubangela umhlaza wemiphunga.

Zama ukuphepha iindawo ezinomoya ongcolileyo kakhulu uze unxibe imaski xa kuyimfuneko.

5. Musa ukuchanabeka kwiasbestos nakwezinye izinto ezibangela umhlaza: Ukuchanabeka kwiasbestos, iarsenic, i-nickel, ne-chromium kunokubangela umhlaza wemiphunga.

Thatha amanyathelo okulumkela ukuchanabeka kwezi zinto kwindawo yokusebenza.

6. Yitya ukutya okunesondlo: Ukutya iziqhamo, imifuno, nokutya okuziinkozo kunokunceda ekunciphiseni ingozi yomhlaza wemiphunga.

7. Yenza umthambo rhoqo: Ukwenza umthambo rhoqo kunokunceda ekunciphiseni ingozi yomhlaza wemiphunga.

8. Londoloza ubunzima bomzimba: Ukutyeba ngokugqithiseleyo kunokubangela umhlaza wemiphunga, ngoko kubalulekile ukuba utye ngendlela efanelekileyo uze wenze umthambo.

9. Yenza ugonyo lweHPV: Intsholongwane yepapillomavirus (HPV) inokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wemiphunga, ngoko ukwenza ugonyo kunokunceda ekuthinteleni usulelo.

10. Ukuxilongwa rhoqo: Ukuxilongwa rhoqo ngugqirha wakho kunokukunceda ufumanise umhlaza wemiphunga kwangethuba, xa unokunyangwa.

11. Cinga ngokuxilongwa komhlaza wemiphunga: Ukuba ungumntu otshaya kakhulu okanye ubukade utshaya, thetha nogqirha wakho ngeendlela zokuxilongwa komhlaza wemiphunga, njengokuxilongwa ngemitha encinane.

12. Kuphephe ukuzisebenzisa: Ezi ndawo zinokukwenza ube nomhlaza wolusu, nto leyo enokusasazeka kwimiphunga, ngoko ukuphepha ukuzisebenzisa kunokukunceda uphephe umhlaza wemiphunga.

13. Musa ukusela kakhulu: Ukusela kakhulu kunokubangela umhlaza wemiphunga, ngoko kubalulekile ukuba utye kancinane.

14. Ziphephe iingozi zomsebenzi: Imisebenzi ethile, efana nemigodi nokusebenza ngesinyithi, inokunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza wemiphunga ngenxa yokuchanabeka kwizinto ezibangela umhlaza.

Thatha amanyathelo okulumkela ukuchanabeka kwezi meko.

15. Hlala usazi: Hlala usazi ngezinto zakutshanje ezifunyanisiweyo neziluncedo zokuthintela umhlaza wemiphunga uze uthethe nogqirha wakho ngayo nayiphi na into ekuxhalabisayo okanye imibuzo onayo.

['Iimbekiselo']

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

Risser NL: Prevention of lung cancer: the key is to stop smoking. Semin Oncol Nurs. 1996, 12 (4): 260-9.

Lim JU, Yoon HK: Narrative review: association between lung cancer development and ambient particulate matter in never-smokers. J Thorac Dis. 2022, 14 (2): 553-563.

Zhang Z, Lu S, Dunmall LSC, Wang Z, Cheng Z, Zhang Z, Yan W, Chu Y, Gao D, Wang N, Li Y, Wang J, Li Y, Ji Y, Shan D, Li K, Wang P, Dong Y, Dong J, Lemoine NR, Pei D, Zhang L, Wang Y: Treatment and Prevention of Lung Cancer Using a Virus-Infected Reprogrammed Somatic Cell-Derived Tumor Cell Vaccination (VIReST) Regime. Front Immunol. 2020, 11 (): 1996.

Astrup AV, Sandström B: [Antioxidative primary prevention with beta-carotene: does it prevent or cause lung cancer and ischemic heart disease in smokers?]. Ugeskr Laeger. 1994, 156 (23): 3510-1.

Shankar A, Dubey A, Saini D, Singh M, Prasad CP, Roy S, Bharati SJ, Rinki M, Singh N, Seth T, Khanna M, Sethi N, Kumar S, Sirohi B, Mohan A, Guleria R, Rath GK: Environmental and occupational determinants of lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res. 2019, 8 (Suppl 1): S31-S49.

Krawczyk P, Duchnowska R, Nicoś M, Kowalski D, Wojas-Krawczyk K: Preventing central nervous system metastases in non-small cell lung cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2018, 18 (11): 1077-1083.

Ren G, Ye J, Fan Y, Wang J, Sun Z, Jia H, Du X, Hou C, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Zhou Q: [Survey and analysis of awareness of lung cancer prevention and control in a LDCT lung cancer screening project in Tianjin Dagang Oilfield of China]. Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi. 2014, 17 (2): 163-70.

['Ukuzikhusela: unyango']

['Le webhsayithi yenzelwe ukufundisa nokunika inkcazelo kuphela yaye ayibonisi ukuba inikela amacebiso ezonyango okanye iinkonzo zobungcali.']

['Inkcazelo enikelweyo ayifanele isetyenziselwe ukuxilonga okanye ukunyanga ingxaki yempilo okanye isifo, yaye abo bafuna icebiso lonyango lobuqu bafanele babonane nogqirha onelayisensi.']

['Nceda uqaphele ukuba inethiwekhi ye-neural eyenza iimpendulo kwimibuzo, ayichanekanga xa kufikwa kumxholo wenani. Umzekelo, inani labantu abafunyaniswe benesifo esithile.']

['Soloko ucela icebiso kugqirha wakho okanye komnye umboneleli wezempilo ofanelekileyo malunga nemeko yakho yezonyango. Ungaze ungayihoyi ingcebiso yezonyango okanye ulibazise ukufuna ngenxa yento oyifunde kule webhusayithi. Ukuba ucinga ukuba unengxaki yezonyango, tsalela umnxeba ku-911 okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka elikufutshane ngoko nangoko. Akukho buhlobo bukagqirha nomguli obudalwa yile webhusayithi okanye ukusetyenziswa kwayo. I-BioMedLib okanye abasebenzi bayo, okanye nabani na onegalelo kule webhusayithi, abenzi zimelo, ngokucacileyo okanye ngokungangqalanga, ngokubhekisele kulwazi olunikezwe apha okanye ekusetyenzisweni kwalo.']

['Ukuzikhulula: ilungelo lokushicilela']

['Umthetho we-Digital Millennium Copyright ka-1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (i-DMCA) ubonelela ngeendlela zokubhena kubanini bamalungelo obunini abakholelwa ukuba izinto ezibonakala kwi-Intanethi ziphula amalungelo abo phantsi komthetho welungelo lokushicilela wase-US. ']

['Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba kukho umxholo okanye izinto ezenziwe zafumaneka kwi-website yethu okanye iinkonzo eziphula ilungelo lakho lokushicilela, wena (okanye iarhente yakho) ungathumela isaziso esicela ukuba umxholo okanye izinto zisuswe, okanye ukufikelela kuzo kuvalwe. ']

['Izaziso kufuneka zithunyelwe ngokubhaliweyo nge-imeyile (jonga kwicandelo elithi "Qhagamshelana" ukuze ufumane idilesi ye-imeyile).']

['I-DMCA ifuna ukuba isaziso sakho sokutyholwa ngokophula ilungelo lokushicilela siquke ezi nkcukacha zilandelayo: (1) inkcazelo yomsebenzi onelungelo lokushicilela ongundaba-mlonyeni wokutyholwa ngokophula; (2) inkcazelo yomxholo otyholwa ngokophula kunye nolwazi olwaneleyo ukusivumela ukuba sifumane umxholo; (3) iinkcukacha zokuqhagamshelana nawe, kuquka idilesi yakho, inombolo yomnxeba nedilesi ye-imeyile; (4) ingxelo yakho yokuba unokholo olulungileyo lokuba umxholo ngendlela ekhalazwa ngayo awugunyaziswanga ngumnini welungelo lokushicilela, okanye iarhente yakhe, okanye ngokusebenza kwawo nawuphi na umthetho; ']

['(5) ingxelo yakho, esayinwe phantsi kwesohlwayo sobuxoki, yokuba ulwazi olukwisibhengezo luchanekile kwaye unegunya lokunyanzelisa amalungelo okushicilela ekuthiwa aphulwe;']

['kwaye (6) utyikityo lomzimba okanye lwe-elektroniki lomnini welungelo lokushicilela okanye lomntu ogunyazisiweyo ukuba enze egameni lomnini welungelo lokushicilela. ']

['Ukungabandakanyi lonke ulwazi olungentla kungakhokelela ekulibaziseni ukuphathwa kwesikhalazo sakho.']

['Unxibelelwano']

['Nceda usithumelele i-imeyile ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo / iingcebiso.']

How to prevent lung cancer?

1. Quit smoking or don't start smoking: Smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer, so quitting or avoiding smoking is the most important measure to prevent lung cancer.

2. Limit exposure to secondhand smoke: Avoid being around people who are smoking, as secondhand smoke can also increase your risk of lung cancer.

3. Avoid exposure to radon gas: Radon gas is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that can cause lung cancer.

Have your home tested for radon levels and take steps to reduce them if necessary.

4. Limit exposure to air pollution: Air pollution, especially in urban areas, can increase the risk of lung cancer.

Try to avoid areas with high levels of air pollution and wear a mask if necessary.

5. Limit exposure to asbestos and other carcinogens: Exposure to asbestos, arsenic, nickel, and chromium can increase the risk of lung cancer.

Take precautions to limit exposure to these substances in the workplace.

6. Eat a healthy diet: A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help reduce the risk of lung cancer.

7. Exercise regularly: Regular physical activity can help reduce the risk of lung cancer.

8. Maintain a healthy weight: Being overweight or obese can increase the risk of lung cancer, so maintaining a healthy weight through diet and exercise is important.

9. Get vaccinated against HPV: The human papillomavirus (HPV) can increase the risk of lung cancer, so getting vaccinated can help prevent infection.

10. Regular check-ups: Regular check-ups with your healthcare provider can help detect lung cancer early, when it is most treatable.

11. Consider lung cancer screening: If you are a current or former heavy smoker, talk to your healthcare provider about lung cancer screening options, such as low-dose computed tomography (CT) scans.

12. Avoid tanning beds: Tanning beds can increase the risk of skin cancer, which can spread to the lungs, so avoiding them can help prevent lung cancer.

13. Limit alcohol consumption: Excessive alcohol consumption can increase the risk of lung cancer, so limiting alcohol intake is important.

14. Avoid occupational hazards: Certain occupations, such as mining and metalworking, can increase the risk of lung cancer due to exposure to carcinogens.

Take precautions to limit exposure in these situations.

15. Stay informed: Stay up-to-date on the latest research and recommendations for lung cancer prevention and talk to your healthcare provider about any concerns or questions you may have.

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