What are the risk factors for Diabetes?

Ziziphi izinto ezinokubangela ukuba umntu abe nesifo seswekile?

Zininzi izinto ezinokubangela ukuba umntu abe nesifo seswekile, eziquka:

1. Imbali yentsapho: Ukuba umzali okanye umntakwenu unesifo seswekile, oko kunokuyibeka esichengeni impilo yakho.

2. Ubudala: Xa usaluphala, ingozi yokuba nesifo seswekile yohlobo 2 iya isanda, ingakumbi emva kweminyaka engama-45 ubudala.

3. Ubunzima bomzimba: Ukuba nomzimba omninzi okanye ukutyeba ngokugqithiseleyo kwandisa amathuba okuba ube sengozini.

4. Ukungawenzi umthambo: Ukungawenzi umthambo kunokukwenza ube sesichengeni.

5. Uhlanga: Abantu bezinye iintlanga, njengama-Afrika aseMerika, amaMerika athetha iSpanish, amaMerika omthonyama namaMerika aseAsia basengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo seswekile.

6. Isifo seswekile esibangelwa kukukhulelwa: Amabhinqa anesifo seswekile esibangelwa kukukhulelwa asengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo seswekile sohlobo 2 xa sele ekhulile.

7. I-polycystic ovary syndrome: Amabhinqa anesi sifo asengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo seswekile sohlobo 2.

8. Isifo sokutshintsha kwezinto eziphilayo emzimbeni: Esi sifo, esiquka uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, icholesterol eninzi, nokwanda komzimba, sinokubangela ukuba umntu abe nesifo seswekile sohlobo 2.

9. Ukutshaya: Ukutshaya kunokwenza umntu angakwazi ukufunxa i-insulin, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba abe nesifo seswekile.

10. Iswekile: Ukuba iswekile esegazini lakho ingaphezulu kunesiqhelo, usenokuba nesifo seswekile.

11. Ukuzalwa usana luncinane: Iintsana ezizalwa zincinane zisengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo seswekile sohlobo 2 kamva ebomini.

12. Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu: Ukuba noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kwandisa amathuba okuba nesifo seswekile sohlobo 2.

13. Umlinganiselo wecholesterol ne-triglyceride ongaqhelekanga: Umlinganiselo ophakamileyo we-triglyceride nomlinganiselo ophantsi we-HDL (cholesterol elungileyo) zandisa ingozi yokuba nesifo seswekile sohlobo 2.

14. Ukuphefumla kancinane xa ulele: Abantu abaneengxaki zokuphefumla kancinane xa belele basengozini yokuba nesifo seswekile.

15. Ukuxinezeleka: Ukuxinezeleka ngokugqithiseleyo kunokubangela ukuba umntu abe nesifo seswekile.

16. Amanye amayeza: Amanye amayeza, anjengeesteroids neantipsychotics, anokuyandisa ingozi yokuba nesifo seswekile sohlobo 2.

17. Ukudumba: Ukudumba okungapheliyo kunokubangela ukuba umntu abe nesifo seswekile.

18. Ukuhlala nje: Ukuhlala nje phantsi kunokubangela ukuba ube nesifo seswekile.

19. Ukutya okunamafutha amaninzi nekhalori eninzi: Ukutya okunamafutha amaninzi nekhalori eninzi kunokunyusa amathuba okuba nesifo seswekile sohlobo 2.

20. Ukusela utywala: Ukusela utywala ngokugqithiseleyo kunokubangela ukuba ube nesifo seswekile sohlobo 2.

21. Ukungalali ngokwaneleyo: Ukungalali ngokwaneleyo kunokubangela ukuba ube nesifo seswekile.

22. Ungcoliso lomoya: Ukungcoliswa komoya kunokubangela ukuba umntu abe nesifo seswekile.

23. Ezinye izifo ezosulelayo: Ezinye izifo ezosulelayo, ezinjengehepatitis C, zinokunyusa amathuba okuba nesifo seswekile sohlobo 2.

24. Umlinganiselo ophakamileyo wehomocysteine: Umlinganiselo ophakamileyo wehomocysteine, iamino acid, unokwandisa amathuba okuba nesifo seswekile sohlobo 2.

25. Iuric acid eninzi: Iuric acid eninzi, into elahlwayo, inokubangela ukuba umntu abe nesifo seswekile sohlobo 2.

26. Umlinganiselo ophezulu weprotein ekhupha iC: Umlinganiselo ophezulu weprotein ekhupha iC, uphawu lokudumba, unokwandisa amathuba okuba nesifo seswekile sohlobo 2.

27. Umlinganiselo ophakamileyo wefibrinogen: Umlinganiselo ophakamileyo wefibrinogen, iprotini ebangela ukuba igazi libile, unokwandisa amathuba okuba nesifo seswekile sohlobo 2.

28. IPAI-1 eninzi: IPAI-1 eninzi, iprotini ebangela igazi libile, inokubangela umntu abe nesifo seswekile sohlobo 2.

29. Umlinganiselo ophakamileyo we-leptin: Umlinganiselo ophakamileyo we-leptin, ihomoni encedisa ekulawuleni ukutya, unokwandisa amathuba okuba nesifo seswekile sohlobo 2.

30. Umlinganiselo ophakamileyo we-resistin: Umlinganiselo ophakamileyo we-resistin, ihomoni ebandakanyekileyo ekuxhathiseni i-insulin, unokunyusa ingozi yokuba

['Iimbekiselo']

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

King WM, Saseen JJ, Anderson SL: Characterization of diabetes risk factors in patients prescribed chronic statin therapy. Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 2014, 5 (5): 206-11.

Bielinski SJ, Pankow JS, Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, Bailey K, Li M, Selvin E, Couper D, Vazquez G, Brancati F: Strength of association for incident diabetes risk factors according to diabetes case definitions: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2012, 175 (5): 466-72.

Gangwisch JE, Gross R, Malaspina D: Differential Associations Between Depression, Risk Factors for Insulin Resistance and Diabetes Incidence in a Large U.S. Sample. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci. 2015, 52 (2): 85-90.

Leiva AM, Martínez MA, Petermann F, Garrido-Méndez A, Poblete-Valderrama F, Díaz-Martínez X, Celis-Morales C: [Risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes in Chile]. Nutr Hosp. 2018, 35 (2): 400-407.

Chatterjee R, Maruthur NM, Edelman D: Novel Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes in African-Americans. Curr Diab Rep. 2015, 15 (12): 103.

Higa S, Maesato A, Ishigaki S, Suenari K, Chen YJ, Chen SA: Diabetes and Endocrine Disorders (Hyperthyroidism/Hypothyroidism) as Risk Factors for Atrial Fibrillation. Card Electrophysiol Clin. 2021, 13 (1): 63-75.

Brodalko B: [Diabetes risk factors in the Regional Railway Hospital in Lublin, described on the basis of medical documentation]. Wiad Lek. 2000, 53 (5-6): 255-61.

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['Nceda usithumelele i-imeyile ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo / iingcebiso.']

What are the risk factors for diabetes?

There are several risk factors for diabetes, including:

1. Family history: Having a parent or sibling with diabetes increases your risk.

2. Age: The risk of type 2 diabetes increases as you get older, especially after age 45.

3. Weight: Being overweight or obese increases your risk.

4. Physical inactivity: Lack of exercise can increase your risk.

5. Race or ethnicity: Certain ethnic groups, such as African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Native Americans, and Asian Americans, have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

6. Gestational diabetes: Women who have had gestational diabetes during pregnancy are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.

7. Polycystic ovary syndrome: Women with this condition have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

8. Metabolic syndrome: This cluster of conditions, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and large waist circumference, increases the risk of type 2 diabetes.

9. Smoking: Smoking can increase insulin resistance, which can lead to type 2 diabetes.

10. Prediabetes: Having prediabetes, or higher than normal blood sugar levels, increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

11. Low birth weight: Babies with low birth weight have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.

12. High blood pressure: Having high blood pressure increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

13. Abnormal cholesterol and triglyceride levels: High levels of triglycerides and low levels of HDL (good) cholesterol increase the risk of type 2 diabetes.

14. Sleep apnea: People with sleep apnea have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

15. Stress: Chronic stress can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

16. Certain medications: Some medications, such as steroids and antipsychotics, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

17. Inflammation: Chronic inflammation can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

18. Sedentary lifestyle: A sedentary lifestyle can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

19. High-fat, high-calorie diet: Consuming a diet high in unhealthy fats and calories can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

20. Alcohol consumption: Excessive alcohol consumption can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

21. Sleep deprivation: Inadequate sleep can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

22. Air pollution: Exposure to air pollution can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

23. Certain infections: Certain infections, such as hepatitis C, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

24. High levels of homocysteine: High levels of homocysteine, an amino acid, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

25. High levels of uric acid: High levels of uric acid, a waste product, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

26. High levels of C-reactive protein: High levels of C-reactive protein, a marker of inflammation, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

27. High levels of fibrinogen: High levels of fibrinogen, a protein involved in blood clotting, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

28. High levels of PAI-1: High levels of PAI-1, a protein involved in blood clotting, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

29. High levels of leptin: High levels of leptin, a hormone involved in appetite regulation, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

30. High levels of resistin: High levels of resistin, a hormone involved in insulin resistance, can increase the risk of developing

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