How is Heart attack diagnosed?

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心臟病係點樣診斷嘅呢?

心臟病嘅診斷係通過病人嘅病史,身體檢查同診斷測試嚟做

用嚟診斷心臟病發嘅最常見嘅診斷測試包括:

1. 心電圖 (ECG):呢個測試測量心臟嘅電動活動,可以發現可能表明心臟病發嘅異常.

2. 血液檢查: 血液檢查可以測量當心肌受損時 釋放到血液中嘅特定酵素同蛋白質嘅水平.

最常用於診斷心臟病發嘅血液測試係 troponin 同 creatine kinase (CK-MB) 測試.

3. Echocardiogram: 呢個測試用聲音波來製作心臟嘅動態圖像, 幫助醫生評估心臟嘅功能, 同埋識別任何受損嘅區域.

4. 冠心血管造影:呢個測試包括將染料注入冠心動脈,然後進行X射線影像,以發現任何堵塞或窄窄嘅動脈.

5. 心臟CT或者MRI: 呢啲影像測試可以提供心臟同血管嘅詳細圖像, 幫助醫生發現任何損傷或者阻塞.

6. 壓力測試:呢個測試包括喺跑步機或者單車上運動,同時監控心臟,睇下佢點樣應對壓力.

佢可以幫你發現心臟功能嘅任何異常.

7. 心臟管道檢查: 呢種侵入性檢查包括將管道插入手臂或腿部嘅血管,然後引導到心臟.

之後,染料會被注入冠動脈 嚟發現有冇堵塞或者收窄

呢兩種測試,加上病人嘅症狀同病史 可以幫醫生診斷心臟病發 同埋決定最好嘅治療方法

參考資料

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

Narcisse MR, Rowland B, Long CR, Felix H, McElfish PA: Heart Attack and Stroke Symptoms Knowledge of Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders in the United States: Findings From the National Health Interview Survey. Health Promot Pract. 2021, 22 (1): 122-131.

Atar D: [How to diagnose a heart attack in 2012?]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2012, 132 (3): 265-6.

Kriszbacher I, Bódis J, Boncz I, Koppan A, Koppan M: The time of sunrise and the number of hours with daylight may influence the diurnal rhythm of acute heart attack mortality. Int J Cardiol. 2010, 140 (1): 118-20.

New ultrafast MRI promises faster diagnosis of heart attack and stroke. J Cardiovasc Manag. , 10 (5): 17-9.

Duijts SFA, van der Beek AJ, Bleiker EMA, Smith L, Wardle J: Cancer and heart attack survivors' expectations of employment status: results from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. BMC Public Health. 2017, 17 (1): 640.

Kriszbacher I, Csoboth I, Boncz I, Bódis J: [The daily rhythm of heart attack morbidity and mortality may be influenced by the time of sunrise]. Orv Hetil. 2008, 149 (46): 2183-7.

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How is heart attack diagnosed?

A heart attack is diagnosed through a combination of the patient's medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests.

The most common diagnostic tests used to diagnose a heart attack include:

1. Electrocardiogram (ECG): This test measures the electrical activity of the heart and can detect abnormalities that may indicate a heart attack.

2. Blood tests: Blood tests can measure the levels of certain enzymes and proteins that are released into the bloodstream when the heart muscle is damaged.

The most common blood tests used to diagnose a heart attack are troponin and creatine kinase (CK-MB) tests.

3. Echocardiogram: This test uses sound waves to create a moving image of the heart, which can help doctors assess the function of the heart and identify any areas of damage.

4. Coronary angiography: This test involves injecting a dye into the coronary arteries and taking X-ray images to identify any blockages or narrowing of the arteries.

5. Cardiac CT or MRI: These imaging tests can provide detailed images of the heart and its blood vessels, which can help doctors identify any damage or blockages.

6. Stress test: This test involves exercising on a treadmill or stationary bike while the heart is monitored to see how it responds to stress.

It can help identify any abnormalities in the heart's function.

7. Cardiac catheterization: This invasive test involves inserting a catheter into a blood vessel in the arm or leg and guiding it to the heart.

Dye is then injected into the coronary arteries to identify any blockages or narrowing.

A combination of these tests, along with the patient's symptoms and medical history, can help doctors diagnose a heart attack and determine the best course of treatment.

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