心臟病嘅病理生理學,亦稱為心肌梗塞, 涉及到心肌一部分嘅血液流動中斷, 導致心臟細胞死亡.
呢種情況通常係因為冠動脈被血栓阻塞,而血栓通常係動脈硬化嘅結果,動脈內嘅斑塊會堆積.
斑塊由膽固醇,脂肪物質,細胞廢棄物,
當血斑破裂時,可能會形成血栓, 血栓會堵塞動脈, 防止富含氧氣嘅血液流到心肌.
氧氣不足會導致心肌細胞死亡 導致心臟病發
傷害嘅程度取決於 堵塞嘅動脈所供應嘅區域嘅大小 同埋發作同治療之間嘅時間.
心臟病嘅症狀包括胸部疼痛或者不舒服,呼吸困難, ⁇ 吐,頭
心臟病嘅治療通常係用藥物或者手術嚟恢復心肌嘅血液流動 譬如血管整形,
值得注意嘅係,心臟病嘅病理生理係複雜嘅 涉及好多因素,包括基因,生活方式同環境因素
心臟病嘅風險因素包括高血壓,高膽固醇,吸煙,糖尿病,肥胖,缺乏身體活動,同埋家族歷史上有心臟病.
控制呢啲風險因素可以減少心臟病發嘅風險.
PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html
RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116
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Liu Chung Ming C, Sesperez K, Ben-Sefer E, Arpon D, McGrath K, McClements L, Gentile C: Considerations to Model Heart Disease in Women with Preeclampsia and Cardiovascular Disease. Cells. 2021, 10 (4): .
Hansen J, Victor RG: Direct measurement of sympathetic activity: new insights into disordered blood pressure regulation in chronic renal failure. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 1994, 3 (6): 636-43.
LaMacchia JC, Roth MB: Aquaporins-2 and -4 regulate glycogen metabolism and survival during hyposmotic-anoxic stress in Caenorhabditis elegans. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2015, 309 (2): C92-6.
Tham YK, Bernardo BC, Ooi JY, Weeks KL, McMullen JR: Pathophysiology of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure: signaling pathways and novel therapeutic targets. Arch Toxicol. 2015, 89 (9): 1401-38.
Lonn E: The clinical relevance of pharmacological blood pressure lowering mechanisms. Can J Cardiol. 2004, 20 Suppl B (): 83B-88B.
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The pathophysiology of a heart attack, also known as myocardial infarction, involves the disruption of blood flow to a part of the heart muscle, leading to the death of heart cells.
This typically occurs due to the obstruction of a coronary artery by a blood clot, which is often the result of atherosclerosis, a condition where plaque builds up in the arteries.
The plaque is made up of cholesterol, fatty substances, cellular waste products, calcium, and fibrin.
When a plaque ruptures, it can cause a blood clot to form, which can block the artery and prevent oxygen-rich blood from reaching the heart muscle.
This lack of oxygen causes the heart muscle cells to die, leading to a heart attack.
The extent of the damage depends on the size of the area supplied by the blocked artery and the time between the attack and treatment.
Symptoms of a heart attack can include chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, nausea, lightheadedness, and pain in the arms, neck, jaw, or back.
Treatment for a heart attack usually involves restoring blood flow to the heart muscle as quickly as possible, either through medication or procedures such as angioplasty and stenting or coronary artery bypass surgery.
It is important to note that the pathophysiology of a heart attack is complex and involves multiple factors, including genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors.
Risk factors for heart attack include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, obesity, lack of physical activity, and a family history of heart disease.
Managing these risk factors can help reduce the likelihood of experiencing a heart attack.
This web site is provided for educational and informational purposes only and does not constitute providing medical advice or professional services.
The information provided should not be used for diagnosing or treating a health problem or disease, and those seeking personal medical advice should consult with a licensed physician.
Please note the neural net that generates answers to the questions, is specially inaccurate when it comes to numeric content. For example, the number of people diagnosed with a specific disease.
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