What is pathophysiology of Urticaria?

疹嘅病理生理係點呢?

疹 (Urticaria) 係一個皮膚病,皮膚上出現,,紅色嘅.

疹嘅病理生理學包括從乳腺細胞釋放胺同埋其他炎症媒介劑,而乳腺細胞係皮膚同埋其他組織嘅免疫細胞.

喺急性疹中, Histamine 同其他介質嘅釋放 係因為對特定過敏原嘅過敏反應,例如食物,藥物,或者昆蟲刺痛.

呢樣令到肥乳細胞分裂,釋放出組織胺同埋其他媒介物 導致血管漏水,導致形成.

慢性疹嘅病因通常係未知嘅 但佢可能係同自身免疫機制有關

喺呢種情況下,身體會產生自我抗體 針對肥乳細胞上嘅高親和性 IgE 受體 (FcεRI),導致其激活,釋放組織胺同埋其他媒介.

喺急性同慢性疹中, Histamine 同其他媒介嘅釋放會導致,紅色同腫嘅特徵症狀.

治療通常包括使用抗歇斯藥,以阻止歇斯素嘅作用並減輕症狀.

喺嚴重嘅情況下,可以用其他藥物,例如皮質類固醇或者 omalizumab 來控制病情.

參考資料

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

Wahlgren CF: Pathophysiology of itching in urticaria and atopic dermatitis. Allergy. 1992, 47 (2 Pt 1): 65-75.

Raap U, Liekenbröcker T, Wieczorek D, Kapp A, Wedi B: [New therapeutic strategies for the different subtypes of urticaria]. Hautarzt. 2004, 55 (4): 361-6.

[Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of urticaria in children]. Arch Argent Pediatr. 2021, 119 (2): S54-S66.

Marrouche N, Grattan C: Childhood urticaria. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012, 12 (5): 485-90.

Brzoza Z, Grzeszczak W, Rogala B, Trautsolt W, Moczulski D: Possible contribution of chemokine receptor CCR2 and CCR5 polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of chronic spontaneous autoreactive urticaria. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). , 42 (4): 302-6.

Sweeney TM, Dexter WW: Cholinergic urticaria in a jogger: ruling out exercise-induced anaphylaxis. Phys Sportsmed. 2003, 31 (6): 32-6.

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What is pathophysiology of urticaria?

Urticaria, commonly known as hives, is a skin condition characterized by the appearance of itchy, raised, red welts (wheals) on the skin.

The pathophysiology of urticaria involves the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators from mast cells, which are immune cells found in the skin and other tissues.

In acute urticaria, the release of histamine and other mediators is triggered by an allergic reaction to a specific allergen, such as food, medication, or insect sting.

This causes the mast cells to degranulate, releasing histamine and other mediators that cause blood vessels to become leaky, leading to the formation of wheals.

In chronic urticaria, the cause is often unknown, but it is thought to be related to an autoimmune mechanism.

In this case, the body produces autoantibodies that target the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) on mast cells, leading to their activation and the release of histamine and other mediators.

In both acute and chronic urticaria, the release of histamine and other mediators leads to the characteristic symptoms of itching, redness, and swelling.

Treatment typically involves the use of antihistamines to block the effects of histamine and reduce symptoms.

In severe cases, other medications such as corticosteroids or omalizumab may be used to control the condition.

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