How is Heart attack diagnosed?

Lalela leli khasi

Ukuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo kutholakala kanjani?

Ukuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo kutholakala ngokuhlanganiswa komlando wezokwelapha wesiguli, ukuhlolwa komzimba, nokuhlolwa kokuxilonga.

Izivivinyo ezivame kakhulu zokuxilonga ezisetshenziselwa ukuxilonga isifo senhliziyo zihlanganisa:

1. I-electrocardiogram (ECG): Lokhu kuhlola kulinganisa umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo futhi kungabonisa ukungajwayelekile okungase kubonise ukuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo.

2. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungalinganisa amazinga ama-enzyme namaprotheni athile akhishwa egazini lapho imisipha yenhliziyo ilimele.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuvame kakhulu okusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga isifo senhliziyo ukuhlolwa kwe-troponin ne-creatine kinase (CK-MB).

3. I-echocardiogram: Lolu vivinyo lusebenzisa amagagasi omsindo ukuze kwenziwe isithombe esihambayo senhliziyo, esingasiza odokotela ukuba bahlole ukusebenza kwenhliziyo futhi babone noma yiziphi izindawo ezilimele.

4. I-coronary angiography: Lokhu kuhlolwa kuhilela ukujova udayi emithanjeni ye-coronary nokuthatha izithombe ze-X-ray ukuze kutholakale noma yikuphi ukuvaleka noma ukuncipha kwemithambo.

5. I-CT noma i-MRI yenhliziyo: Lezi zivivinyo zokuthwebula izithombe zinganikeza izithombe eziningiliziwe zenhliziyo nemithambo yayo yegazi, ezingasiza odokotela ukuba babone noma yikuphi ukulimala noma ukuvinjelwa.

6. Ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka: Lokhu kuhlolwa kuhilela ukuzivocavoca emgqeni wokugijima noma ebhayisikili elizimele kuyilapho kuqashelwa indlela inhliziyo ephendula ngayo ekucindezelekeni.

Ingasiza ekuboneni noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kwenhliziyo.

7. I-catheterization yenhliziyo: Lokhu kuhlolwa okuhlaselayo kuhilela ukufaka i-catheter emthanjeni wegazi engalweni noma emlenzeni bese uyiholela enhliziyweni.

Khona-ke udayi ufakwa emithanjeni ye-coronary ukuze kutholakale noma yikuphi ukuvaleka noma ukuncipha.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwalezi zivivinyo, kanye nezimpawu zesiguli nomlando wezokwelapha, kungasiza odokotela ukuba bathole ukuthi unesifo senhliziyo futhi banqume indlela engcono kakhulu yokwelapha.

Izikhombo

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

Narcisse MR, Rowland B, Long CR, Felix H, McElfish PA: Heart Attack and Stroke Symptoms Knowledge of Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders in the United States: Findings From the National Health Interview Survey. Health Promot Pract. 2021, 22 (1): 122-131.

Atar D: [How to diagnose a heart attack in 2012?]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2012, 132 (3): 265-6.

Kriszbacher I, Bódis J, Boncz I, Koppan A, Koppan M: The time of sunrise and the number of hours with daylight may influence the diurnal rhythm of acute heart attack mortality. Int J Cardiol. 2010, 140 (1): 118-20.

New ultrafast MRI promises faster diagnosis of heart attack and stroke. J Cardiovasc Manag. , 10 (5): 17-9.

Duijts SFA, van der Beek AJ, Bleiker EMA, Smith L, Wardle J: Cancer and heart attack survivors' expectations of employment status: results from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. BMC Public Health. 2017, 17 (1): 640.

Kriszbacher I, Csoboth I, Boncz I, Bódis J: [The daily rhythm of heart attack morbidity and mortality may be influenced by the time of sunrise]. Orv Hetil. 2008, 149 (46): 2183-7.

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How is heart attack diagnosed?

A heart attack is diagnosed through a combination of the patient's medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests.

The most common diagnostic tests used to diagnose a heart attack include:

1. Electrocardiogram (ECG): This test measures the electrical activity of the heart and can detect abnormalities that may indicate a heart attack.

2. Blood tests: Blood tests can measure the levels of certain enzymes and proteins that are released into the bloodstream when the heart muscle is damaged.

The most common blood tests used to diagnose a heart attack are troponin and creatine kinase (CK-MB) tests.

3. Echocardiogram: This test uses sound waves to create a moving image of the heart, which can help doctors assess the function of the heart and identify any areas of damage.

4. Coronary angiography: This test involves injecting a dye into the coronary arteries and taking X-ray images to identify any blockages or narrowing of the arteries.

5. Cardiac CT or MRI: These imaging tests can provide detailed images of the heart and its blood vessels, which can help doctors identify any damage or blockages.

6. Stress test: This test involves exercising on a treadmill or stationary bike while the heart is monitored to see how it responds to stress.

It can help identify any abnormalities in the heart's function.

7. Cardiac catheterization: This invasive test involves inserting a catheter into a blood vessel in the arm or leg and guiding it to the heart.

Dye is then injected into the coronary arteries to identify any blockages or narrowing.

A combination of these tests, along with the patient's symptoms and medical history, can help doctors diagnose a heart attack and determine the best course of treatment.

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