What are the risk factors for Diabetes?

['Pirengang kaca puniki']

Napi sané ngawinang anak keni diabetes?

Wenten makudang-kudang faktor risiko antuk diabetes, rumasuk:

1. Riwayat keluarga: madué rerama utawi nyama sané keni diabetes prasida nincapang risiko.

2. Umur: Risiko diabetes tipe 2 sayan nincap ngancan tua, utaminnyané sasampun mayusa 45 warsa.

3. Berat Badan: Kalemenan utawi obesitas nincapang risiko.

4. Kurang aktifitas fisik: Kurang aktifitas fisik prasida nincapang risiko.

5. Ras utawi etnis: Kelompok etnis tertentu, sekadi Afrika Amerika, Hispanik Amerika, Native Amerika, miwah Asia Amerika, madue risiko sane tegeh nglimbak diabetes tipe 2.

6. Diabetes gestasional: Anak istri sane keni diabetes gestasional ri kala mobot minab pacang keni diabetes tipe 2 ri kala sampun lingsir.

7. Sindrom ovarium polikistik: Anak istri sane keni penyakit puniki minab keni diabetes tipe 2.

8. Sindrom metabolik: Kawéntenan puniki, minakadi tekanan darah tinggi, kolesterol tinggi, miwah lingkar pinggang ageng, nincapang risiko diabetes tipe 2.

9. Ngrokok: Ngrokok prasida nincapang resistensi insulin, sane prasida ngawinang diabetes tipe 2.

10. Prediabetes: Prediabetes utawi kadar gula darah sane tegeh, nincapang risiko keni diabetes tipe 2.

11. Berat lahir rendah: Bayi sane berat lahir rendah minab keni diabetes tipe 2 ri kala sampun lingsir.

12. Tekanan darah tinggi: Tekanan darah tinggi nincapang risiko ngrasayang diabetes tipe 2.

13. Kolesterol miwah trigliserida sané nénten normal: Kolesterol sané tegeh miwah kolesterol sané cenik prasida ngawinang anak keni diabetes tipe 2.

14. Sleep apnea: Anak sané keni sleep apnea minab keni diabetes tipe 2.

15. Stres: Stres kronis prasida nincapang risiko ngamolihang diabetes tipe 2.

16. Obat-obatan tertentu: Obat-obatan tertentu, sekadi steroid miwah antipsikotik, prasida nincapang risiko nglimbak diabetes tipe 2.

17. Peradangan: Peradangan kronis prasida nincapang risiko ngamolihang diabetes tipe 2.

18. Ngiring malinggih: Ngiring malinggih prasida nincapang risiko ngrasayang diabetes tipe 2.

19. Diet sane akeh lemak, kalori: Ngonsumsi diet sane akeh lemak sane nenten sehat lan kalori prasida nincapang risiko nglimbak diabetes tipe 2.

20. Nginem alkohol: Nginem alkohol sané akéh prasida nincapang risiko ngrasayang diabetes tipe 2.

21. Kurang sare: Kurang sare prasida nincapang risiko ngamolihang diabetes tipe 2.

22. Polusi udara: Paparan polusi udara prasida nincapang risiko ngamolihang diabetes tipe 2.

23. Infeksi tertentu: Infeksi tertentu, sekadi hepatitis C, prasida nincapang risiko nglimbak diabetes tipe 2.

24. Kadar homocysteine sane tegeh: Kadar homocysteine sane tegeh, asam amino, prasida nincapang risiko nglimbak diabetes tipe 2.

25. Asam urat sané tegeh: Asam urat sané tegeh, sané dados limbah, prasida nincapang risiko ngrasayang diabetes tipe 2.

26. Protein C-reaktif sane tegeh: Protein C-reaktif sane tegeh, cihna inflamasi, prasida nincapang baya nglimbak diabetes tipe 2.

27. Tingkat fibrinogen sane tegeh: Tingkat fibrinogen sane tegeh, protein sane nyarengin pembekuan darah, prasida nincapang risiko nglimbak diabetes tipe 2.

28. PAI-1 sané tegeh: PAI-1 sané tegeh, protein sané nyarengin pembekuan darah, prasida nincapang risiko nglimbak diabetes tipe 2.

29. Tingkat leptin sane tegeh: Tingkat leptin sane tegeh, hormon sane nyarengin ngatur napsu, prasida nincapang risiko nglimbak diabetes tipe 2.

30. Resistin sane tegeh: Resistin sane tegeh, hormon sane nyarengin resistensi insulin, prasida nincapang baya nglimbak

['Rujukan']

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

King WM, Saseen JJ, Anderson SL: Characterization of diabetes risk factors in patients prescribed chronic statin therapy. Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 2014, 5 (5): 206-11.

Bielinski SJ, Pankow JS, Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, Bailey K, Li M, Selvin E, Couper D, Vazquez G, Brancati F: Strength of association for incident diabetes risk factors according to diabetes case definitions: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2012, 175 (5): 466-72.

Gangwisch JE, Gross R, Malaspina D: Differential Associations Between Depression, Risk Factors for Insulin Resistance and Diabetes Incidence in a Large U.S. Sample. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci. 2015, 52 (2): 85-90.

Leiva AM, Martínez MA, Petermann F, Garrido-Méndez A, Poblete-Valderrama F, Díaz-Martínez X, Celis-Morales C: [Risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes in Chile]. Nutr Hosp. 2018, 35 (2): 400-407.

Chatterjee R, Maruthur NM, Edelman D: Novel Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes in African-Americans. Curr Diab Rep. 2015, 15 (12): 103.

Higa S, Maesato A, Ishigaki S, Suenari K, Chen YJ, Chen SA: Diabetes and Endocrine Disorders (Hyperthyroidism/Hypothyroidism) as Risk Factors for Atrial Fibrillation. Card Electrophysiol Clin. 2021, 13 (1): 63-75.

Brodalko B: [Diabetes risk factors in the Regional Railway Hospital in Lublin, described on the basis of medical documentation]. Wiad Lek. 2000, 53 (5-6): 255-61.

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What are the risk factors for diabetes?

There are several risk factors for diabetes, including:

1. Family history: Having a parent or sibling with diabetes increases your risk.

2. Age: The risk of type 2 diabetes increases as you get older, especially after age 45.

3. Weight: Being overweight or obese increases your risk.

4. Physical inactivity: Lack of exercise can increase your risk.

5. Race or ethnicity: Certain ethnic groups, such as African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Native Americans, and Asian Americans, have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

6. Gestational diabetes: Women who have had gestational diabetes during pregnancy are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.

7. Polycystic ovary syndrome: Women with this condition have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

8. Metabolic syndrome: This cluster of conditions, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and large waist circumference, increases the risk of type 2 diabetes.

9. Smoking: Smoking can increase insulin resistance, which can lead to type 2 diabetes.

10. Prediabetes: Having prediabetes, or higher than normal blood sugar levels, increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

11. Low birth weight: Babies with low birth weight have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.

12. High blood pressure: Having high blood pressure increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

13. Abnormal cholesterol and triglyceride levels: High levels of triglycerides and low levels of HDL (good) cholesterol increase the risk of type 2 diabetes.

14. Sleep apnea: People with sleep apnea have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

15. Stress: Chronic stress can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

16. Certain medications: Some medications, such as steroids and antipsychotics, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

17. Inflammation: Chronic inflammation can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

18. Sedentary lifestyle: A sedentary lifestyle can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

19. High-fat, high-calorie diet: Consuming a diet high in unhealthy fats and calories can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

20. Alcohol consumption: Excessive alcohol consumption can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

21. Sleep deprivation: Inadequate sleep can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

22. Air pollution: Exposure to air pollution can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

23. Certain infections: Certain infections, such as hepatitis C, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

24. High levels of homocysteine: High levels of homocysteine, an amino acid, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

25. High levels of uric acid: High levels of uric acid, a waste product, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

26. High levels of C-reactive protein: High levels of C-reactive protein, a marker of inflammation, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

27. High levels of fibrinogen: High levels of fibrinogen, a protein involved in blood clotting, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

28. High levels of PAI-1: High levels of PAI-1, a protein involved in blood clotting, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

29. High levels of leptin: High levels of leptin, a hormone involved in appetite regulation, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

30. High levels of resistin: High levels of resistin, a hormone involved in insulin resistance, can increase the risk of developing

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