Kanker prostat inggih punika tumor ganas sané medal saking sel kelenjar prostat, sané marupa organ alit sané mawentuk kacang sané magenah ring sor kandung kemih ring anak lanang.
Puniki ngranjing yusa, sejarah kulawarga, ras, miwah mutasi genetik tertentu.
Kanker prostat lumrah ring anak lanang lingsir, akéhnyané ring anak lanang sané sampun mayusa 65 warsa.
Tiosan punika, anak lanang sane madue riwayat kanker prostat ring kulawargane taler keni pinungkan, sekadi anak lanang Afrika Amerika miwah keturunan Karibia.
Pathophysiology kanker prostat ngeranayang pertumbuhan miwah pembagian sel sané nénten kakontrol ring kelenjar prostat.
Puniki prasida mamargi sangkaning mutasi genetik sané ngawinang panglimbak faktor pertumbuhan utawi gen supresor tumor sané nénten aktif.
Mutasi puniki prasida ngawinang sel sayan nglimbak, raris ngawinang kawentuk tumor.
Ring makudang-kudang kasus, sel kanker prasida mapisahan saking tumor primer miwah nglimbak ka pahan awak tiosan malarapan antuk aliran darah utawi sistem limfatik, proses sané kauningin pinaka metastasis.
Risampun kanker sampun nglimbak, prasida sayan sukil kaobati.
Testosteron prasida nglimbakang sel kanker prostat, miwah akéh pangobatan kanker prostat matetujon ngirangin kadar hormon puniki utawi ngalangi efeknyané.
Ring untengnyané, patofisiologi kanker prostat ngeranayang panincapan miwah pahan sel sané nénten kakontrol ring kelenjar prostat, sané prasida keni panglalah saking faktor genetik, hormon, miwah lingkungan.
Ngresepang mekanisme dasar penyakit punika mabuat pisan anggén nglimbakang pangobatan sané efektif miwah nincapang asil antuk pasien antuk kanker prostat.
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Lim HY, Agarwal AM, Agarwal N, Ward JH: Recurrent epistaxis as a presenting sign of androgen-sensitive metastatic prostate cancer. Singapore Med J. 2009, 50 (5): e178-80.
Kohli M, Qin R, Jimenez R, Dehm SM: Biomarker-based targeting of the androgen-androgen receptor axis in advanced prostate cancer. Adv Urol. 2012, 2012 (): 781459.
Nelson JB, Hedican SP, George DJ, Reddi AH, Piantadosi S, Eisenberger MA, Simons JW: Identification of endothelin-1 in the pathophysiology of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Nat Med. 1995, 1 (9): 944-9.
Msaouel P, Nandikolla G, Pneumaticos SG, Koutsilieris M: Bone microenvironment-targeted manipulations for the treatment of osteoblastic metastasis in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2013, 22 (11): 1385-400.
Kotani K, Sekine Y, Ishikawa S, Ikpot IZ, Suzuki K, Remaley AT: High-density lipoprotein and prostate cancer: an overview. J Epidemiol. 2013, 23 (5): 313-9.
Jadvar H: Molecular imaging of prostate cancer: a concise synopsis. Mol Imaging. , 8 (2): 56-64.
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What is pathophysiology of prostate cancer?
The pathophysiology of prostate cancer refers to the underlying mechanisms and processes that lead to the development and progression of the disease.
Prostate cancer is a malignant tumor that arises from the cells of the prostate gland, which is a small, walnut-shaped organ located below the bladder in men.
The prostate gland produces seminal fluid, which nourishes and transports sperm.
The exact cause of prostate cancer is not fully understood, but several factors are known to increase the risk of developing the disease.
These include age, family history, race, and certain genetic mutations.
Prostate cancer is more common in older men, with the majority of cases occurring in men over the age of 65.
Additionally, men with a family history of prostate cancer are at an increased risk, as are African American men and men of Caribbean descent.
The pathophysiology of prostate cancer involves the uncontrolled growth and division of cells within the prostate gland.
This can occur due to genetic mutations that lead to the overexpression of certain growth factors or the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes.
These mutations can result in the unregulated growth of cells, leading to the formation of a tumor.
As the tumor grows, it can invade nearby tissues and organs, such as the bladder, rectum, and nearby lymph nodes.
In some cases, cancer cells can break away from the primary tumor and spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system, a process known as metastasis.
Once the cancer has spread, it can be more difficult to treat.
Prostate cancer can also be influenced by hormonal factors, particularly the androgen hormone testosterone.
Testosterone can stimulate the growth of prostate cancer cells, and many treatments for prostate cancer aim to reduce the levels of this hormone or block its effects.
In summary, the pathophysiology of prostate cancer involves the uncontrolled growth and division of cells within the prostate gland, which can be influenced by genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors.
Understanding the underlying mechanisms of the disease is crucial for developing effective treatments and improving outcomes for patients with prostate cancer.
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