Kanker paru didiagnosis melalui kombinasi tes wan prosedur, nang mungkin termasuk:
1. Sejarah medis lawan pemeriksaan fisik: Dokter akan menanyakan tentang gejala, sejarah merokok, lawan sejarah keluarga kanker paru-paru.
Buhannya jua akan manggawi pemeriksaan fisik gasan memeriksa tanda-tanda penyakit.
2. tes pencitraan: sinar-X dada wan pemindaian tomografi terkomputer (CT) rancak dipakai gasan meulah gambar rinci paru-paru wan struktur sekitarnya.
tes ini kawa membantu mendeteksi kelainan, nangkaya tumor atau nodul, nang kawa menandakan adanya kanker paru-paru.
3. Sitologi dahak: Sabuah sampel dahak (lendir batuk dari paru-paru) dipariksa di bawah mikroskop gasan mancari sel kanker.
4. Biopsi: Sabuah sampel jaringan paru-paru dihapus wan dipariksa di bawah mikroskop gasan manantuakan apakah ada sel kanker.
Ngini kawa digawi malalui bronkoskopi, biopsi jarum, atawa biopsi bedah.
5. Bronkoskopi: Tabung tipis nang baisi lampu lawan kamera dimasukakan malalui hidung atawa muha wan turun ka tenggorokan gasan mamariksa saluran udara wan paru-paru.
prosedur ini jua kawa dipakai gasan mengumpulakan sampel jaringan gasan biopsi.
6. Aspirasi jarum halus (FNA): Jarum tipis dimasukakan ke dalam nodul paru atau massa gasan mengumpulkan sampel sel gasan pemeriksaan.
7. Thoracentesis: Cairan diambil dari ruang antara paru-paru wan dinding dada pakai jarum, lalu cairan itu diperiksa apakah ada sel kanker.
8. Tes darah: Walaupun tes darah haja kada kawa mendiagnosis kanker paru-paru, tes darah kawa membantu menentukan kesehatan pasien secara umum wan mengidentifikasi kelainan nang mungkin menandakan adanya kanker.
9. Bone scan, MRI, pet scan, lawan tes lainnya: Tes ini kawa dipakai gasan menentuakan apakah kanker sudah menyebar ke bagian awak nang lain.
Imbah kanker paru didiagnosis, tes tambahan kawa digawi gasan manantuakan stadium kanker, nang membantu manuntun kaputusan perawatan.
tes ini mungkin termasuk tes pencitraan lebih lanjut, seperti CT scan otak, scan tulang, atau positron emission tomography (PET) scan.
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Nishiyama N, Nakatani S, Iwasa R, Taguchi S, Inoue K, Kinoshita H: [Differential diagnosis between peripheral lung cancer invading the chest wall and chest-wall tumors]. Kyobu Geka. 1997, 50 (10): 893-7.
Kang C, Wang D, Zhang X, Wang L, Wang F, Chen J: Construction and Validation of a Lung Cancer Diagnostic Model Based on 6-Gene Methylation Frequency in Blood, Clinical Features, and Serum Tumor Markers. Comput Math Methods Med. 2021, 2021 (): 9987067.
Heydari F, Rafsanjani MK: A Review on Lung Cancer Diagnosis Using Data Mining Algorithms. Curr Med Imaging. 2021, 17 (1): 16-26.
Li L, Feng T, Zhang W, Gao S, Wang R, Lv W, Zhu T, Yu H, Qian B: MicroRNA Biomarker hsa-miR-195-5p for Detecting the Risk of Lung Cancer. Int J Genomics. 2020, 2020 (): 7415909.
Li B, Yuan Q, Zou YT, Su T, Lin Q, Zhang YQ, Shi WQ, Liang RB, Ge QM, Li QY, Shao Y: CA-125, CA-153, and CYFRA21-1 as clinical indicators in male lung cancer with ocular metastasis. J Cancer. 2020, 11 (10): 2730-2736.
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How is lung cancer diagnosed?
Lung cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Medical history and physical examination: The doctor will ask about your symptoms, smoking history, and family history of lung cancer.
They will also perform a physical examination to check for any signs of the disease.
2. Imaging tests: Chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans are commonly used to create detailed images of the lungs and surrounding structures.
These tests can help detect abnormalities, such as tumors or nodules, that may indicate the presence of lung cancer.
3. Sputum cytology: A sample of your sputum (mucus coughed up from the lungs) is examined under a microscope to look for cancer cells.
4. Biopsy: A sample of lung tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
This can be done through a bronchoscopy, needle biopsy, or surgical biopsy.
5. Bronchoscopy: A thin, lighted tube with a camera is inserted through the nose or mouth and down the throat to examine the airways and lungs.
This procedure can also be used to collect tissue samples for biopsy.
6. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA): A thin needle is inserted into the lung nodule or mass to collect a sample of cells for examination.
7. Thoracentesis: Fluid is removed from the space between the lungs and chest wall using a needle, and the fluid is then examined for cancer cells.
8. Blood tests: While blood tests alone cannot diagnose lung cancer, they can help determine the overall health of the patient and identify any abnormalities that may indicate the presence of cancer.
9. Bone scan, mri, pet scan, and other tests: These tests may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once lung cancer is diagnosed, additional tests may be performed to determine the stage of the cancer, which helps guide treatment decisions.
These tests may include more imaging tests, such as a CT scan of the brain, bone scan, or positron emission tomography (PET) scan.
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