Il cancar al è diagnosticât midiant di une cumbinazion di provis e proceduris, che a puedin cjapâ dentri:
1. Esami fisic: un miedi al fâs un esam fisic par controlâ se a son anomaliis o segns di malatie.
2. Esamins di sanc: I esams di sanc a puedin judâ a determinâ se a son anormalitâts intal sanc che a puedin indicâ la presince di cancar.
3. Esam des scovacis: Un esam des scovacis al pues rilevâ la presince di sanc tes scovacis, che al pues jessi un segnâl di cancar al colon.
4. Colonoscopie: al è un metodi che si dopre par esaminâ il colon par mieç di un canâl sutîl e flessibil cun une lûs e une telecjamare ae estremitât.
Intant di une colonoscopie, il miedi al pues cjapâ ancje campions di tiessûts (biopsie) par esaminâ se a son celulis di cancar.
5. sigmoidoscopie: simil a une colonoscopie, une sigmoidoscopie e esamine la part plui basse dal colon.
6. Colonoscopie virtuâl: e je une scansion dal colon fate cuntun TAC che e cree une imagjin in 3D dal colon e dal ret.
7. Esam di sanc occult tes fecjis: Chest esam al controle la presince di sanc tes fecjis, che al pues indicâ la presince di cancar.
8. Clistere di bari cun contrast dopli: al è un esam a rais X dal colon e dal ret, cun materiâl di contrast par evidenziâ cualsisei anomalie.
9. Biopsie: une biopsie e je la rimozion di une piçule cuantitât di tiessût dal colon par esaminâlu sot dal microscopi par determinâ se lis celulis dal cancar a son presintis.
10. Esams di imaging: a puedin jessi doprâts imagjins computerizadis, imagjins MRI e rais X dal pet par determinâ se il cancar si è slargjât a altris parts dal cuarp.
Une volte che une diagnosi di cancar al colon e je stade fate, il miedi al determinarà il stadi dal cancar, che al jude a determinâ la miôr terapie.
Il stadi al è fondât su la grandece e la posizion dal tumôr, cussì come se si sedi difondût a altris parts dal cuarp.
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How is colon cancer diagnosed?
Colon cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Physical examination: A doctor will perform a physical examination to check for any abnormalities or signs of illness.
2. Blood tests: Blood tests can help determine if there are any abnormalities in the blood that may indicate the presence of cancer.
3. Stool tests: A stool test can detect the presence of blood in the stool, which may be a sign of colon cancer.
4. Colonoscopy: This is a procedure in which a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera on the end is inserted into the rectum to examine the colon.
During a colonoscopy, the doctor can also take tissue samples (biopsies) to be examined for cancer cells.
5. Sigmoidoscopy: Similar to a colonoscopy, a sigmoidoscopy examines the lower part of the colon.
6. Virtual colonoscopy: This is a CT scan of the colon that creates a 3D image of the colon and rectum.
7. Fecal occult blood test: This test checks for the presence of blood in the stool, which may indicate the presence of cancer.
8. Double-contrast barium enema: This is an x-ray examination of the colon and rectum, in which a contrast material is used to highlight any abnormalities.
9. Biopsy: A biopsy is the removal of a small amount of tissue from the colon for examination under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
10. Imaging tests: CT scans, MRI scans, and chest x-rays may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once a diagnosis of colon cancer is made, the doctor will determine the stage of the cancer, which helps determine the best course of treatment.
Staging is based on the size and location of the tumor, as well as whether it has spread to other parts of the body.
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