Kanser di prostaat ta keda diagnostiká dor di un kombinashon di tèst i prosedura, ku por inkluí:
1. Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): Un dòkter ta hinka un dede ku un guante i lubrikat den e retina pa sinti e próstata pa wak si tin kualke anomalia.
2. Prueba di Antigeno Spesifiko di Prostat (PSA): Esaki ta un tèst di sanger ku ta midi e nivel di PSA, un proteina ku ta wòrdu produsí dor di e glándula di prostat.
Un nivel haltu di PSA por indiká kanser di próstata.
3. Ultrasound Transrectal (TRUS): Ta hinka un sonda chikitu den e retto pa saka un imágen di e próstata ku un zonido.
Esaki por yuda identifica cualkier anormalidad den e prostaat.
4. Biopsia: Ta saka un muestra chikitu di e tesitura di próstata i ta analis'é bou di un mikroskopo pa wak si tin sèlnan di kanser.
Esaki ta e úniko manera definitivo pa diagnostiká kanser di próstata.
5. Imagen di Resonansia Magnétiko (MRI): Un MRI di e próstata por yuda identifiká kualke anomalia i guia e prosedura di biopsia.
6. Test genómiko: Algun dòkter por hasi test genómiko pa determiná kon agresivo e kanser ta i pa guia e tratamentu.
7. Bone Scan: Por hasi un bone scan pa wak si e kanser a plama na e wesunan.
8. Tomografia Computeriza (CT): Por usa un CT scan pa wak si e cancer a plama na otro organo of tehido.
Ta importante pa nota ku no ta tur hòmber ku tin nivel di PSA haltu òf resultado di DRE abnormal lo tin kanser di próstata i no ta tur kanser di próstata ta kousa nivel di PSA haltu.
P'esei ta nesesario pa hasi un biopsia pa konfirmá e diagnóstiko.
Ademas, e desishon pa hasi un biopsia ta tuma lugá despues di konsiderá e resultadonan di e tèstnan akí i e faktornan di riesgo i preferensianan di e persona.
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Marenco J, Kasivisvanathan V, Emberton M: New standards in prostate biopsy. Arch Esp Urol. 2019, 72 (2): 142-149.
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[Consensus of Chinese experts on the application of molecular imaging targeting prostate specific membrane antigen in prostate cancer patients]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2018, 56 (2): 91-94.
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How is prostate cancer diagnosed?
Prostate cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): A doctor inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum to feel the prostate for any abnormalities.
2. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: This is a blood test that measures the level of PSA, a protein produced by the prostate gland.
Elevated PSA levels may indicate the presence of prostate cancer.
3. Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS): A small probe is inserted into the rectum to create an image of the prostate using sound waves.
This can help identify any abnormalities in the prostate gland.
4. Biopsy: A small sample of prostate tissue is removed and examined under a microscope for the presence of cancer cells.
This is the only definitive way to diagnose prostate cancer.
5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): An MRI scan of the prostate can help identify any abnormalities and guide the biopsy procedure.
6. Genomic Testing: Some doctors may use genomic tests to help determine the aggressiveness of the cancer and guide treatment decisions.
7. Bone Scan: A bone scan may be performed to check if the cancer has spread to the bones.
8. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: A CT scan may be used to check if the cancer has spread to other organs or tissues.
It is important to note that not all men with elevated PSA levels or abnormal DRE results will have prostate cancer, and not all prostate cancers will cause elevated PSA levels.
Therefore, a biopsy is necessary to confirm the diagnosis.
Additionally, the decision to undergo a biopsy is made after considering the results of these tests and the individual's risk factors and preferences.
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