Kansa ya mapafu hugunduliwa kupitia mchanganyiko wa vipimo na taratibu, ambavyo vinaweza kutia ndani:
1. Historia ya kitiba na uchunguzi wa kimwili: Daktari atauliza juu ya dalili zako, historia ya kuvuta sigareti, na historia ya familia ya kansa ya mapafu.
Pia watafanya uchunguzi wa kimwili ili kuchunguza dalili zozote za ugonjwa huo.
2. Uchunguzi wa picha: Uchunguzi wa X-ray wa kifua na uchunguzi wa kompyuta (CT) hutumiwa kwa kawaida kutengeneza picha za kina za mapafu na miundo inayozunguka.
Uchunguzi huo waweza kusaidia kugundua kasoro, kama vile uvimbe au noduli, ambazo zaweza kuonyesha kuwepo kwa kansa ya mapafu.
3. Cytology ya sputum: Mfano wa sputum yako (mucus iliyotokana na kikohozi kutoka mapafu) huchunguzwa chini ya darubini ili kutafuta chembe za kansa.
4. Biopsia: Mfano wa tishu ya mapafu huondolewa na kuchunguzwa chini ya darubini ili kuamua ikiwa kuna chembe za kansa.
Hii inaweza kufanywa kupitia bronchoscopy, needle biopsy, au biopsy upasuaji.
5. Bronchoscopy: Bomba nyembamba, lenye mwangaza lenye kamera huingizwa kupitia pua au kinywa na chini ya koo ili kuchunguza njia za kupumua na mapafu.
Utaratibu huu unaweza pia kutumiwa kukusanya sampuli za tishu kwa ajili ya upasuaji.
6. Uchochezi wa sindano nyembamba (FNA): Sindano nyembamba huingizwa ndani ya noduli au molekuli ya mapafu ili kukusanya sampuli ya chembe za kuchunguzwa.
7. Thoracentesis: Kioevu huondolewa katika nafasi iliyo kati ya mapafu na ukuta wa kifua kwa kutumia sindano, kisha kioevu hicho huchunguzwa ikiwa kuna chembe za kansa.
8. Uchunguzi wa damu: Ingawa uchunguzi wa damu peke yake hauwezi kugundua kansa ya mapafu, unaweza kusaidia kuamua afya ya jumla ya mgonjwa na kutambua kasoro zozote zinazoweza kuonyesha kuwepo kwa kansa.
9. Uchunguzi wa mifupa, MRI, uchunguzi wa wanyama, na uchunguzi mwingine: Uchunguzi huo waweza kutumiwa kuamua ikiwa kansa imeenea kwenye sehemu nyingine za mwili.
Mara baada ya kansa ya mapafu kugunduliwa, vipimo vya ziada vyaweza kufanywa ili kuamua hatua ya kansa, ambayo husaidia kuongoza maamuzi ya matibabu.
Uchunguzi huo waweza kutia ndani uchunguzi zaidi wa picha, kama vile uchunguzi wa CT wa ubongo, uchunguzi wa mifupa, au uchunguzi wa positron emission tomography (PET).
Zhou P, Lu F, Wang J, Wang K, Liu B, Li N, Tang B: A portable point-of-care testing system to diagnose lung cancer through the detection of exosomal miRNA in urine and saliva. Chem Commun (Camb). 2020, 56 (63): 8968-8971.
Ni J, Guo Z, Zhang L: [The diagnostic significance of single or combination lung cancer-related serum biomarkers in high risk lung cancer patients]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi. 2016, 55 (1): 25-30.
Nishiyama N, Nakatani S, Iwasa R, Taguchi S, Inoue K, Kinoshita H: [Differential diagnosis between peripheral lung cancer invading the chest wall and chest-wall tumors]. Kyobu Geka. 1997, 50 (10): 893-7.
Kang C, Wang D, Zhang X, Wang L, Wang F, Chen J: Construction and Validation of a Lung Cancer Diagnostic Model Based on 6-Gene Methylation Frequency in Blood, Clinical Features, and Serum Tumor Markers. Comput Math Methods Med. 2021, 2021 (): 9987067.
Heydari F, Rafsanjani MK: A Review on Lung Cancer Diagnosis Using Data Mining Algorithms. Curr Med Imaging. 2021, 17 (1): 16-26.
Li L, Feng T, Zhang W, Gao S, Wang R, Lv W, Zhu T, Yu H, Qian B: MicroRNA Biomarker hsa-miR-195-5p for Detecting the Risk of Lung Cancer. Int J Genomics. 2020, 2020 (): 7415909.
Li B, Yuan Q, Zou YT, Su T, Lin Q, Zhang YQ, Shi WQ, Liang RB, Ge QM, Li QY, Shao Y: CA-125, CA-153, and CYFRA21-1 as clinical indicators in male lung cancer with ocular metastasis. J Cancer. 2020, 11 (10): 2730-2736.
Magee ND, Villaumie JS, Marple ET, Ennis M, Elborn JS, McGarvey JJ: Ex vivo diagnosis of lung cancer using a Raman miniprobe. J Phys Chem B. 2009, 113 (23): 8137-41.
Kanusho la dhima: matibabu
Tovuti hii hutolewa kwa madhumuni ya elimu na habari tu na si kutoa ushauri wa matibabu au huduma za kitaaluma.
Habari inayotolewa haipaswi kutumiwa kugundua au kutibu tatizo la afya au ugonjwa, na wale wanaotafuta ushauri wa kibinafsi wa kitiba wanapaswa kushauriana na daktari aliye na leseni.
Tafadhali kumbuka mtandao wa neva ambao hutengeneza majibu ya maswali, ni hasa usio sahihi linapokuja maudhui ya nambari. Kwa mfano, idadi ya watu waliogunduliwa na ugonjwa fulani.
Daima kutafuta ushauri wa daktari wako au mtoa huduma nyingine ya afya waliohitimu kuhusu hali ya matibabu. Kamwe kupuuza ushauri wa matibabu ya kitaaluma au kuchelewesha katika kutafuta yake kwa sababu ya kitu umesoma kwenye tovuti hii. Kama unafikiri unaweza kuwa na dharura ya matibabu, piga simu 911 au kwenda chumba cha dharura karibu mara moja. Hakuna uhusiano daktari-mgonjwa ni kuundwa na tovuti hii au matumizi yake. Wala BioMedLib wala wafanyakazi wake, wala mchangiaji yoyote ya tovuti hii, hufanya uwakilishi wowote, wazi au implicit, kuhusiana na taarifa zinazotolewa hapa au matumizi yake.
Utoaji wa dhima: hakimiliki
The Digital Millennium Copyright Act ya 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (the DMCA) hutoa njia ya kurudi kwa wamiliki wa hakimiliki ambao wanaamini kuwa vifaa vinavyoonekana kwenye Mtandao vinakiuka haki zao chini ya sheria ya hakimiliki ya Merika.
Kama unaamini kwa imani nzuri kwamba maudhui yoyote au nyenzo zilizotolewa kuhusiana na tovuti yetu au huduma inakiuka hakimiliki yako, wewe (au wakala wako) unaweza kutuma sisi taarifa kuomba kwamba maudhui au nyenzo kuondolewa, au upatikanaji wake kuzuiwa.
Taarifa lazima zipelekwe kwa maandishi kwa barua pepe (tazama sehemu ya "Contact" kwa anwani ya barua pepe).
DMCA inahitaji kwamba taarifa yako ya madai ya ukiukaji wa hakimiliki ni pamoja na taarifa zifuatazo: (1) maelezo ya kazi ya hakimiliki ambayo ni madai ya ukiukaji; (2) maelezo ya madai ya ukiukaji maudhui na habari ya kutosha kuruhusu sisi kupata maudhui; (3) mawasiliano ya habari kwa ajili yenu, ikiwa ni pamoja na anwani yako, nambari ya simu na anwani ya barua pepe; (4) taarifa na wewe kuwa na imani nzuri imani kwamba maudhui katika njia alilalamika ya si mamlaka na mmiliki wa hakimiliki, au wakala wake, au na operesheni ya sheria yoyote;
(5) taarifa na wewe, saini chini ya adhabu ya ushahidi wa uongo, kwamba habari katika taarifa ni sahihi na kwamba una mamlaka ya kutekeleza haki za hakimiliki ambayo ni madai ya kukiuka;
na (6) saini ya kimwili au ya elektroniki ya mmiliki wa hakimiliki au mtu aliyeidhinishwa kutenda kwa niaba ya mmiliki wa hakimiliki.
Kushindwa kujumuisha habari zote hapo juu kunaweza kusababisha ucheleweshaji wa usindikaji wa malalamiko yako.
Mawasiliano
Tafadhali tutumie barua pepe na swali lolote / pendekezo.
How is lung cancer diagnosed?
Lung cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Medical history and physical examination: The doctor will ask about your symptoms, smoking history, and family history of lung cancer.
They will also perform a physical examination to check for any signs of the disease.
2. Imaging tests: Chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans are commonly used to create detailed images of the lungs and surrounding structures.
These tests can help detect abnormalities, such as tumors or nodules, that may indicate the presence of lung cancer.
3. Sputum cytology: A sample of your sputum (mucus coughed up from the lungs) is examined under a microscope to look for cancer cells.
4. Biopsy: A sample of lung tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
This can be done through a bronchoscopy, needle biopsy, or surgical biopsy.
5. Bronchoscopy: A thin, lighted tube with a camera is inserted through the nose or mouth and down the throat to examine the airways and lungs.
This procedure can also be used to collect tissue samples for biopsy.
6. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA): A thin needle is inserted into the lung nodule or mass to collect a sample of cells for examination.
7. Thoracentesis: Fluid is removed from the space between the lungs and chest wall using a needle, and the fluid is then examined for cancer cells.
8. Blood tests: While blood tests alone cannot diagnose lung cancer, they can help determine the overall health of the patient and identify any abnormalities that may indicate the presence of cancer.
9. Bone scan, mri, pet scan, and other tests: These tests may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once lung cancer is diagnosed, additional tests may be performed to determine the stage of the cancer, which helps guide treatment decisions.
These tests may include more imaging tests, such as a CT scan of the brain, bone scan, or positron emission tomography (PET) scan.
Disclaimer: medical
This web site is provided for educational and informational purposes only and does not constitute providing medical advice or professional services.
The information provided should not be used for diagnosing or treating a health problem or disease, and those seeking personal medical advice should consult with a licensed physician.
Please note the neural net that generates answers to the questions, is specially inaccurate when it comes to numeric content. For example, the number of people diagnosed with a specific disease.
Always seek the advice of your doctor or other qualified health provider regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room immediately. No physician-patient relationship is created by this web site or its use. Neither BioMedLib nor its employees, nor any contributor to this web site, makes any representations, express or implied, with respect to the information provided herein or to its use.
Disclaimer: copyright
The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (the “DMCA”) provides recourse for copyright owners who believe that material appearing on the Internet infringes their rights under U.S. copyright law. If you believe in good faith that any content or material made available in connection with our website or services infringes your copyright, you (or your agent) may send us a notice requesting that the content or material be removed, or access to it blocked. Notices must be sent in writing by email (see 'Contact' section for email address) . The DMCA requires that your notice of alleged copyright infringement include the following information: (1) description of the copyrighted work that is the subject of claimed infringement; (2) description of the alleged infringing content and information sufficient to permit us to locate the content; (3) contact information for you, including your address, telephone number and email address; (4) a statement by you that you have a good faith belief that the content in the manner complained of is not authorized by the copyright owner, or its agent, or by the operation of any law; (5) a statement by you, signed under penalty of perjury, that the information in the notification is accurate and that you have the authority to enforce the copyrights that are claimed to be infringed; and (6) a physical or electronic signature of the copyright owner or a person authorized to act on the copyright owner’s behalf. Failure to include all of the above information may result in the delay of the processing of your complaint.
Karibu
BioMedLib hutumia kompyuta za kiotomatiki (algorithms ya kujifunza mashine) kuzalisha jozi za maswali na majibu.
Tunaanza na machapisho milioni 35 ya biomedical ya PubMed/Medline. Pia, kurasa za wavuti za RefinedWeb.
