Pathophysiology ya mshtuko wa moyo, pia inajulikana kama mgonjwa wa moyo, inahusisha usumbufu wa mtiririko wa damu kwa sehemu ya misuli ya moyo, na kusababisha kifo cha seli za moyo.
Hii kwa kawaida hutokea kwa sababu ya kuziba kwa ateri ya coronary na clot ya damu, ambayo mara nyingi ni matokeo ya atherosclerosis, hali ambapo plaque hujenga katika ateri.
Matofali hayo hufanyizwa na kolesteroli, mafuta, taka za chembe, kalsiamu, na fibrini.
Plaki inapovunjika, inaweza kusababisha ugumu wa damu, ambao unaweza kuziba ateri na kuzuia damu yenye oksijeni isifike kwenye misuli ya moyo.
Ukosefu huo wa oksijeni husababisha chembe za misuli ya moyo kufa, na kusababisha mshtuko wa moyo.
Kiasi cha uharibifu hutegemea ukubwa wa eneo linalotolewa na ateri iliyofungwa na wakati uliobaki kati ya shambulio hilo na matibabu.
Dalili za mshtuko wa moyo zaweza kutia ndani maumivu ya kifua au usumbufu, upungufu wa pumzi, kichefuchefu, kizunguzungu, na maumivu katika mikono, shingo, taya, au mgongo.
Matibabu ya mshtuko wa moyo kwa kawaida huhusisha kurudisha mtiririko wa damu kwenye misuli ya moyo upesi iwezekanavyo, ama kupitia dawa au taratibu kama vile angioplasty na stenting au upasuaji wa coronary artery bypass.
Ni muhimu kutambua kwamba pathophysiology ya mshtuko wa moyo ni tata na inahusisha mambo mengi, kutia ndani chembe za urithi, mtindo wa maisha, na mambo ya mazingira.
Sababu za hatari za kupatwa na mshtuko wa moyo zinatia ndani shinikizo la damu la juu, kolesteroli ya juu, uvutaji sigareti, kisukari, unene kupita kiasi, ukosefu wa mazoezi ya mwili, na historia ya familia ya ugonjwa wa moyo.
Kudhibiti mambo hayo ya hatari kunaweza kusaidia kupunguza uwezekano wa kupatwa na mshtuko wa moyo.
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Hansen J, Victor RG: Direct measurement of sympathetic activity: new insights into disordered blood pressure regulation in chronic renal failure. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 1994, 3 (6): 636-43.
LaMacchia JC, Roth MB: Aquaporins-2 and -4 regulate glycogen metabolism and survival during hyposmotic-anoxic stress in Caenorhabditis elegans. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2015, 309 (2): C92-6.
Tham YK, Bernardo BC, Ooi JY, Weeks KL, McMullen JR: Pathophysiology of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure: signaling pathways and novel therapeutic targets. Arch Toxicol. 2015, 89 (9): 1401-38.
Lonn E: The clinical relevance of pharmacological blood pressure lowering mechanisms. Can J Cardiol. 2004, 20 Suppl B (): 83B-88B.
Kanusho la dhima: matibabu
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What is pathophysiology of heart attack?
The pathophysiology of a heart attack, also known as myocardial infarction, involves the disruption of blood flow to a part of the heart muscle, leading to the death of heart cells.
This typically occurs due to the obstruction of a coronary artery by a blood clot, which is often the result of atherosclerosis, a condition where plaque builds up in the arteries.
The plaque is made up of cholesterol, fatty substances, cellular waste products, calcium, and fibrin.
When a plaque ruptures, it can cause a blood clot to form, which can block the artery and prevent oxygen-rich blood from reaching the heart muscle.
This lack of oxygen causes the heart muscle cells to die, leading to a heart attack.
The extent of the damage depends on the size of the area supplied by the blocked artery and the time between the attack and treatment.
Symptoms of a heart attack can include chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, nausea, lightheadedness, and pain in the arms, neck, jaw, or back.
Treatment for a heart attack usually involves restoring blood flow to the heart muscle as quickly as possible, either through medication or procedures such as angioplasty and stenting or coronary artery bypass surgery.
It is important to note that the pathophysiology of a heart attack is complex and involves multiple factors, including genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors.
Risk factors for heart attack include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, obesity, lack of physical activity, and a family history of heart disease.
Managing these risk factors can help reduce the likelihood of experiencing a heart attack.
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