Kankere ya mabele e lemogiwa ka go dirisa mefuta e e farologaneng ya ditlhatlhobo le mekgwa e e ka akaretsang:
1. Go tlhatlhoba mabele ka tsela ya kalafi: Ngaka e tla tlhatlhoba mabele go bona gore a ga a na dikuruga, a fetogile ka bogolo kgotsa ka popego kgotsa a na le mathata a mangwe.
2. Mammogram: Go tsewa ga sehuba ka ekeserei go go kgonang go lemoga dilo tse di sa tlwaelegang le e leng pele ga di ka utlwiwa.
3. Ultrasound: Ke teko e e dirisang makhubu a modumo go dira setshwantsho sa seedi sa mabele, se se ka thusang go bona gore a go na le tlhagala e e thata kgotsa e e tletseng seedi.
4. MRI: Mo thulaganyong ya go tsaya ditshwantsho ka maatla a makenete (magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) go dirisiwa maatla a makenete le makhubu a radio go dira ditshwantsho tse di feletseng tsa dithishu tsa mabele.
5. Go ntsha disele tsa mabele: Go ntshiwa disele tse dinnye tsa mabele mme di tlhatlhobiwe ka maekorosekopo go bona gore a di na le kankere.
6. Diteko tsa madi: Diteko dingwe tsa madi, tse di jaaka go tlhatlhoba madi otlhe kana go tlhatlhoba matshwao a tlhagala, di ka dirwa go thusa go bona gore kankere e mo kgatong efe kana go bona gore a kalafi e a tswelela.
7. Go tlhatlhoba dijini: Fa go na le ba lelapa ba ba kileng ba nna le kankere ya mabele, go ka nna ga dirwa diteko tsa dijini go bona gore a go na le dijini tse di fetogileng tse di ka dirang gore motho a nne le kankere ya mabele.
8. Go tlhatlhoba marapo, CT scan kgotsa PET scan: Diteko tseno tsa go tlhatlhoba ditshwantsho di ka dirwa go bona gore a kankere e aname mo dikarolong tse dingwe tsa mmele.
Fa go setse go lemogilwe gore motho o na le kankere ya mabele, go ka nna ga dirwa diteko tse dingwe go bona gore e mo kgatong efe le gore e masisi go le kana kang, e leng se se ka thusang go dira ditshwetso tsa kalafi.
Zahoor S, Lali IU, Khan MA, Javed K, Mehmood W: Breast Cancer Detection and Classification using Traditional Computer Vision Techniques: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Med Imaging. 2020, 16 (10): 1187-1200.
Dewar MA, Love N: Legal issues in managing breast disease. Postgrad Med. 1992, 92 (5): 137-40, 143-4, 149-51 passim.
Donepudi MS, Kondapalli K, Amos SJ, Venkanteshan P: Breast cancer statistics and markers. J Cancer Res Ther. , 10 (3): 506-11.
Sazuka T, Miyazawa Y, Tochigi T, Hirano A, Mori M, Kosugi C, Shuto K, Kasahara K, Hiroshima Y, Matsuo K, Tanaka K, Yamazaki K, Koda K, Matsubara H: [A Case of Rectal Metastasis from Breast Cancer Diagnosed Two Years after Surgery]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 2017, 44 (12): 1254-1256.
Yan J, Liu Z, Du S, Li J, Ma L, Li L: Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer in the Precision Medicine Era. Methods Mol Biol. 2020, 2204 (): 53-61.
Cong J, Wei B, He Y, Yin Y, Zheng Y: A Selective Ensemble Classification Method Combining Mammography Images with Ultrasound Images for Breast Cancer Diagnosis. Comput Math Methods Med. 2017, 2017 (): 4896386.
Cui R, Wang C, Zhao Q, Wang Y, Li Y: Serum Carboxypeptidase N1 Serves as a Potential Biomarker Complementing CA15-3 for Breast Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2020, 20 (17): 2053-2065.
['Go se ikarabele: kalafi']
['Web site eno e diretswe go ruta le go naya tshedimosetso fela mme ga e neye kgakololo ya kalafi kgotsa ditirelo tsa seporofešenale.']
['Tshedimosetso e e neelwang ga e a tshwanela go dirisiwa go bona bolwetse kana go alafa bothata jwa botsogo, mme batho ba ba batlang kgakololo ya kalafi ba tshwanetse go ikgolaganya le ngaka e e nang le laesense.']
['Tsweetswee ela tlhoko gore thulaganyo ya methapo e e dirang dikarabo tsa dipotso tseno, ga e a tlhomama fa go tla mo dilong tsa dipalo. Ka sekai, palo ya batho ba ba nang le bolwetse bongwe jo bo rileng.']
['Ka metlha batla kgakololo ya ngaka ya gago kgotsa moabi yo mongwe wa kalafi yo o tshwanelegang malebana le boemo jwa kalafi. Le ka motlha o se ka wa itlhokomolosa kgakololo ya kalafi ya porofeshenale kgotsa wa diega go e batla ka ntlha ya sengwe se o se badileng mo website eno. Fa o akanya gore o ka tswa o na le boemo jwa tshoganyetso jwa kalafi, leletsa 911 kgotsa o ye kwa kamoreng ya tshoganyetso e e gaufi le wena ka bonako. Ga go na kamano epe ya ngaka le molwetse e e tlisiwang ke website eno kgotsa go e dirisa. BioMedLib kgotsa badiri ba yone, kgotsa ope fela yo o tsentseng letsogo mo website eno, ga ba dire ditshupetso dipe, tse di tlhamaletseng kgotsa tse di sa tlhamalalang, malebana le tshedimosetso e e mo go yone kgotsa go e dirisa.']
['Go ikgatholosa: ditshwanelo tsa bokwadi']
['Molao wa Digital Millennium Copyright wa 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (the DMCA) o tlamela ka kgetse ya beng ba ditshwanelo ba ba dumelang gore matheriale o o tlhagelelang mo inthaneteng o gataka ditshwanelo tsa bona go ya ka molao wa ditshwanelo wa U.S.']
['Fa o dumela ka pelo yotlhe gore tshedimosetso kgotsa matheriale o o mo website ya rona kgotsa ditirelo tsa rona o gataka ditshwanelo tsa gago tsa semolao, wena (kgotsa moemedi wa gago) o ka re romelela kitsiso o kopa gore tshedimosetso eo kgotsa matheriale oo o tlosiwe kgotsa o thibelwe go o fitlhelela.']
['Dikitsiso di tshwanetse go romelwa ka go kwala ka imeili (leba karolo ya "Contact" go bona aterese ya imeili).']
['DMCA e batla gore kitsiso ya gago ya go tlolwa ga ditshwanelo tsa gago e akaretse tshedimosetso e e latelang: (1) tlhaloso ya tiro e e sireleditsweng ka ditshwanelo e go tweng e tlotswe; (2) tlhaloso ya diteng tse go tweng di tlotswe le tshedimosetso e e lekaneng go re letla go bona diteng; (3) tshedimosetso ya go ikgolaganya le wena, go akaretsa aterese ya gago, nomoro ya mogala le aterese ya imeile; (4) polelo ya gago ya gore o dumela ka pelo yotlhe gore diteng tse di tlotsweng ga di a letlelelwa ke mong wa ditshwanelo tsa gago, kgotsa moemedi wa gagwe, kgotsa ka molao ope; ']
['(5) polelo e e saenilweng ke wena, e e supang gore tshedimosetso e e mo kitsisong e boammaaruri le gore o na le thata ya go diragatsa ditshwanelo tsa botaki tse go tweng di gatakilwe;']
['le (6) saena ya mmatota kgotsa ya eleketeroniki ya mong wa tshwanelo ya go gatisa kgotsa motho yo o filweng tetla ya go dira mo boemong jwa mong wa tshwanelo ya go gatisa. ']
['Fa o sa akaretse tshedimosetso yotlhe e e fa godimo e ka nna ya diegisa go sekasekwa ga ngongorego ya gago.']
['Go Ikgolaganya']
['Tsweetswee re romelele imeile ka potso/kgakololo epe fela.']
How is breast cancer diagnosed?
Breast cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Clinical breast exam: A healthcare professional will examine the breasts for any lumps, changes in size or shape, or other abnormalities.
2. Mammogram: An x-ray of the breast that can detect abnormalities even before they can be felt.
3. Ultrasound: A test that uses sound waves to create an image of the breast tissue, which can help determine if a lump is solid or filled with fluid.
4. MRI: A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of the breast tissue.
5. Biopsy: A small sample of breast tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
6. Blood tests: Certain blood tests, such as a complete blood count or tumor markers, may be done to help determine the stage of the cancer or to monitor treatment.
7. Genetic testing: If there is a family history of breast cancer, genetic testing may be done to determine if there is an inherited gene mutation that increases the risk of developing breast cancer.
8. Bone scan, CT scan, or PET scan: These imaging tests may be done to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once a diagnosis of breast cancer is made, further tests may be done to determine the stage and grade of the cancer, which helps guide treatment decisions.
Disclaimer: medical
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Please note the neural net that generates answers to the questions, is specially inaccurate when it comes to numeric content. For example, the number of people diagnosed with a specific disease.
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Disclaimer: copyright
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['Mo e ka nnang']
['BioMedLib e dirisa dikhomputara tse di itirisang (machine-learning algorithms) go dira dipotso le dikarabo.']
['Re simolola ka dikgatiso di le dimilione di le 35 tsa tsa kalafi ya ditshedi tsa PubMed/Medline. Gape, ditsebe tsa Web tsa RefinedWeb.']
