Kankere ya makgwafo e lemogiwa ka go dirisa mefuta e e farologaneng ya diteko le ditsamaiso, tse di ka akaretsang:
1. Hisitori ya kalafi le tlhatlhobo ya mmele: Ngaka e tla botsa ka matshwao a gago, hisitori ya go goga le hisitori ya lelapa ya kankere ya makgwafo.
Gape ba tla go tlhatlhoba mmele go bona gore a ga o na matshwao ape a bolwetse jono.
Diteko tsa go dira ditshwantsho: Gantsi go dirisiwa ditshwantsho tsa sehuba tsa X-ray le tsa computed tomography (CT) go dira ditshwantsho tse di feletseng tsa makgwafo le dikarolo tse di a dikologileng.
Diteko tseno di ka thusa go lemoga dilo tse di sa tlwaelegang, tse di jaaka ditlhagala kgotsa dikuruga tse di ka nnang tsa supa gore motho o na le kankere ya makgwafo.
3. Go tlhatlhoba seedi sa mathe: Go tlhatlhobiwa sampole ya mathe a gago (kgotlho e e tswang mo makgwafong) ka maekorosekopo go bona gore a ga go na disele tsa kankere.
4. Go ntsha disele tsa makgwafo: Go ntshiwa disele tsa makgwafo mme di bo di tlhatlhobiwa ka maekorosekopo go bona gore a di na le kankere.
Seno se ka dirwa ka go dirisa mokgwa wa go tlhatlhoba makgwafo, go dirisa lomao go ntsha dikarolwana tsa mmele kgotsa go dirisa karo go ntsha dikarolwana tsa mmele.
5. Bronchoscopy: Go tsenngwa tšhupu e tshesane e e nang le lesedi e e nang le khamera mo nkong kgotsa mo molomong go ya kwa tlase mo mometsong go tlhatlhoba ditsela tsa go hema le makgwafo.
Mokgwa ono o ka dirisiwa gape go tsaya disampole tsa dithishu gore di dirwe biopsy.
6. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA): Go tsenngwa lomao lo lo tshesane mo kgelesweng ya makgwafo go ntsha disele tse di tla tlhatlhobiwang.
7. Thoracentesis: Go ntshiwa seedi mo phatlheng e e fa gare ga makgwafo le sehuba ka lomao, mme seedi seo se bo se tlhatlhobiwa go bona gore a ga se na disele tsa kankere.
8. Diteko tsa madi: Le fa gone diteko tsa madi ka botsone fela di ka se kgone go supa gore motho o na le kankere ya makgwafo, di ka thusa go bona gore molwetse o itekanetse go le kana kang le go lemoga makoa ape a a ka bontshang gore o na le kankere.
9. Go tlhatlhobiwa ga marapo, MRI, PET scan le diteko tse dingwe: Diteko tseno di ka dirisiwa go bona gore a kankere e aname mo dikarolong tse dingwe tsa mmele.
Fa kankere ya makgwafo e sena go lemogiwa, go ka dirwa diteko tse dingwe go bona gore e mo kgatong efe, e leng selo se se ka thusang go kaela motho fa a dira ditshwetso tsa kalafi.
Diteko tseno di ka akaretsa go dira diteko tse dingwe tsa go tsaya ditshwantsho, tse di jaaka CT scan ya boboko, go tlhatlhoba marapo kgotsa positron emission tomography (PET).
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Li B, Yuan Q, Zou YT, Su T, Lin Q, Zhang YQ, Shi WQ, Liang RB, Ge QM, Li QY, Shao Y: CA-125, CA-153, and CYFRA21-1 as clinical indicators in male lung cancer with ocular metastasis. J Cancer. 2020, 11 (10): 2730-2736.
Magee ND, Villaumie JS, Marple ET, Ennis M, Elborn JS, McGarvey JJ: Ex vivo diagnosis of lung cancer using a Raman miniprobe. J Phys Chem B. 2009, 113 (23): 8137-41.
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['(5) polelo e e saenilweng ke wena, e e supang gore tshedimosetso e e mo kitsisong e boammaaruri le gore o na le thata ya go diragatsa ditshwanelo tsa botaki tse go tweng di gatakilwe;']
['le (6) saena ya mmatota kgotsa ya eleketeroniki ya mong wa tshwanelo ya go gatisa kgotsa motho yo o filweng tetla ya go dira mo boemong jwa mong wa tshwanelo ya go gatisa. ']
['Fa o sa akaretse tshedimosetso yotlhe e e fa godimo e ka nna ya diegisa go sekasekwa ga ngongorego ya gago.']
['Go Ikgolaganya']
['Tsweetswee re romelele imeile ka potso/kgakololo epe fela.']
How is lung cancer diagnosed?
Lung cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Medical history and physical examination: The doctor will ask about your symptoms, smoking history, and family history of lung cancer.
They will also perform a physical examination to check for any signs of the disease.
2. Imaging tests: Chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans are commonly used to create detailed images of the lungs and surrounding structures.
These tests can help detect abnormalities, such as tumors or nodules, that may indicate the presence of lung cancer.
3. Sputum cytology: A sample of your sputum (mucus coughed up from the lungs) is examined under a microscope to look for cancer cells.
4. Biopsy: A sample of lung tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
This can be done through a bronchoscopy, needle biopsy, or surgical biopsy.
5. Bronchoscopy: A thin, lighted tube with a camera is inserted through the nose or mouth and down the throat to examine the airways and lungs.
This procedure can also be used to collect tissue samples for biopsy.
6. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA): A thin needle is inserted into the lung nodule or mass to collect a sample of cells for examination.
7. Thoracentesis: Fluid is removed from the space between the lungs and chest wall using a needle, and the fluid is then examined for cancer cells.
8. Blood tests: While blood tests alone cannot diagnose lung cancer, they can help determine the overall health of the patient and identify any abnormalities that may indicate the presence of cancer.
9. Bone scan, mri, pet scan, and other tests: These tests may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once lung cancer is diagnosed, additional tests may be performed to determine the stage of the cancer, which helps guide treatment decisions.
These tests may include more imaging tests, such as a CT scan of the brain, bone scan, or positron emission tomography (PET) scan.
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