Ke dilo dife tse di ka dirang gore motho a nne le kankere ya makgwafo?
Dilo tse di ka dirang gore motho a nne le kankere ya makgwafo di akaretsa:
1. Go goga motsoko: Go goga motsoko ke gone go bakang kankere ya makgwafo.
Kotsi ya go tshwarwa ke bolwetse jono e oketsega fa motho a goga disekerete di le dintsi ka letsatsi le fa a goga dingwaga di le dintsi.
2. Mosi o o gogiwang ke batho ba bangwe: Go hema mosi wa motsoko go ka dira gore batho ba ba sa gogeng ba nne mo kotsing ya go tshwarwa ke kankere ya makgwafo.
3. Gase ya radon: Go nna mo lefelong le le nang le selekanyo se se kwa godimo sa gase ya radon, e leng gase e e ntshang marang a a kotsi e e fitlhelwang ka tlholego fela, go ka oketsa kotsi ya go tshwarwa ke kankere ya makgwafo.
4. Asbestos le dilo tse dingwe tse di bakang kankere: Go nna mo lefelong le le nang le asbestos, arsenic, chromium, nickel, mosidi, tar le dilo tse dingwe go ka baka kankere ya makgwafo.
5. Kgotlelo ya mowa: Go nna lobaka lo loleele mo lefelong le le kgotletsweng ke mowa, segolobogolo mo ditoropong, go ka oketsa kotsi ya go tshwarwa ke kankere ya makgwafo go sekae.
6. Go nna le kankere mo lelapeng: Go nna le kankere ya makgwafo mo lelapeng go ka oketsa kotsi ya gore motho a nne le yone.
7. Motho yo o kileng a nna le bolwetse jwa makgwafo: Batho ba ba kileng ba nna le bolwetse jwa makgwafo jo bo jaaka bolwetse jo bo sa foleng jwa go kgoreletsega ga go hema ga makgwafo (COPD [chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]) kgotsa thiibi ba ka nna ba nna mo kotsing e kgolwane ya go tshwarwa ke kankere ya makgwafo.
8. Dingwaga: Kotsi ya go tshwarwa ke kankere ya makgwafo e oketsega fa motho a ntse a gola, mme gantsi e tshwara batho ba ba nang le dingwaga tse di fetang 65.
9. Bong: Banna ba ka tshwarwa ke kankere ya makgwafo go feta basadi.
10. Kalafi ya marang: Kalafi ya marang e e kileng ya dirwa mo sehubeng ya dikankere tse dingwe e ka oketsa kotsi ya go tshwarwa ke kankere ya makgwafo.
11. Dijo: Dijo tse di se nang maungo le merogo e mentsi di ka oketsa kotsi ya go tshwarwa ke kankere ya makgwafo.
12. Go nwa bojalwa: Go nwa bojalwa thata go ka oketsa kotsi ya go tshwarwa ke kankere ya makgwafo.
13. Dilo tse di amanang le dijini: Go fetoga ga dijini dingwe go ka dira gore motho a nne mo kotsing ya go tshwarwa ke kankere ya makgwafo.
Go botlhokwa go lemoga gore go nna le sengwe kgotsa go feta sa dilo tseno tse di bakang kotsi ga go reye gore motho o tla nna le kankere ya makgwafo, mme batho bangwe ba ba nnang le kankere ya makgwafo ba ka tswa ba se na dilo tse di bakang kotsi.
Le fa go ntse jalo, go fokotsa kgotsa go tila go nna mo maemong a a kotsi go ka thusa go fokotsa kotsi ya go tshwarwa ke kankere ya makgwafo.
Jin YJ, Tang W, Huang Y, Wang JW, Hou DH, Qi LL, Zhao SJ, Wu N: [Risk factors for lung cancer based on low-dose computed tomography screening]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi. 2020, 42 (3): 222-227.
Hosseini M, Naghan PA, Karimi S, SeyedAlinaghi S, Bahadori M, Khodadad K, Mohammadi F, Kaynama K, Keynama K, Masjedi MR: Environmental risk factors for lung cancer in Iran: a case-control study. Int J Epidemiol. 2009, 38 (4): 989-96.
Zhou X, Hu J, Zhang C, Zhan Y, Song Y, Fan W, Hu Z, Yang H, Yang Q, Wu D, Li F, Li D, Nie R: Clinical characteristics and risk factors for in-hospital mortality of lung cancer patients with COVID-19: A multicenter, retrospective, cohort study. Thorac Cancer. 2021, 12 (1): 57-65.
Liu X, Fan Y, Jiang Y, Xiang J, Wang J, Sun Z, Ren G, Yao S, Chang R, Zhao Y, Qiao Y, Zhou Q: [A cohort study on risk factors of lung cancer in Yunnan tin miners]. Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi. 2013, 16 (4): 184-90.
Aoun J, Saleh N, Waked M, Salamé J, Salameh P: Lung cancer correlates in Lebanese adults: a pilot case--control study. J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2013, 3 (4): 235-44.
Chan-Yeung M, Koo LC, Ho JC, Tsang KW, Chau WS, Chiu SW, Ip MS, Lam WK: Risk factors associated with lung cancer in Hong Kong. Lung Cancer. 2003, 40 (2): 131-40.
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What are the risk factors for lung cancer?
The risk factors for lung cancer include:
1. Smoking: Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer.
The risk increases with the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the number of years a person has smoked.
2. Secondhand smoke: Exposure to secondhand smoke can increase the risk of lung cancer in non-smokers.
3. Radon gas: Exposure to high levels of radon gas, a naturally occurring radioactive gas, can increase the risk of lung cancer.
4. Asbestos and other carcinogens: Exposure to asbestos, arsenic, chromium, nickel, soot, tar, and other substances can cause lung cancer.
5. Air pollution: Long-term exposure to air pollution, particularly in urban areas, may slightly increase the risk of lung cancer.
6. Family history: A family history of lung cancer may increase a person's risk.
7. Personal history of lung disease: People with a history of lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or tuberculosis may have an increased risk of lung cancer.
8. Age: The risk of lung cancer increases with age, with most cases occurring in people over the age of 65.
9. Gender: Men are more likely to develop lung cancer than women.
10. Radiation therapy: Previous radiation therapy to the chest for other cancers can increase the risk of lung cancer.
11. Diet: A diet low in fruits and vegetables may increase the risk of lung cancer.
12. Alcohol consumption: Heavy alcohol consumption may increase the risk of lung cancer.
13. Genetics: Certain genetic mutations may increase the risk of lung cancer.
It is important to note that having one or more of these risk factors does not necessarily mean a person will develop lung cancer, and some people who develop lung cancer may not have any known risk factors.
However, reducing or avoiding exposure to these risk factors can help lower the chances of developing lung cancer.
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