Xana khensa ya nhlaribya ya vununa yi tshunguriwa njhani?
Ku ni tindlela to hambana-hambana to tshungula khensa ya nhlaribya ya vununa, hi ku ya hi xiyimo xa yona ni ndlela leyi yi nga ni khombo ha yona, rihanyo ra muvabyi ni leswi a swi rhandzaka.
1. Ku kambela hi vukheta: Endlelo leri ri katsa ku kambela khensa hi vukheta hi ku hamba u kamberiwa ni ku kamberiwa, ematshan'weni yo sungula vutshunguri hi ku hatlisa.
Yi nga ha va yi ri yinene eka vavanuna lava nga ni khensa ya nhlaribya ya vununa.
2. Vuhandzuri: Vuhandzuri byo susa tshumba ra vununa i ku susa tshumba ra vununa.
Ku nga endliwa hi ku tirhisa vuhandzuri lebyi pfulekeke kumbe hi ku tirhisa laparoscopy (ku tsema-tsema ka le ndzeni ka khwiri hi ndlela leyitsongo ni switirho swo hlawuleka).
3. Vutshunguri bya ku tirhisa miseve: Vutshunguri lebyi byi tirhisa miseve ya matimba swinene leswaku yi dlaya tisele ta khensa.
Yi nga ha nghenisiwa ehandle ka miri (hi muchini lowu nga ehandle ka miri) kumbe endzeni ka miri (hi ku tirhisa swilo leswi nghenisiwaka ekusuhi ni tshumba).
4. Vutshunguri bya tihomoni: Vutshunguri lebyi byi hunguta mpimo wa tihomoni ta xinuna (ti-androgen) emirini, leswi nga ha hungutaka kumbe ku yimisa ku kula ka khensa ya nhlaribya ya vununa.
Yi nga tirhisiwa yi ri yoxe kumbe yi hlanganisiwa ni mirhi yin'wana.
5. Vutshunguri bya tikhemikhali: Vutshunguri lebyi byi tirhisa mirhi leswaku yi dlaya tisele ta khensa.
Yi nga ha tirhisiwa eka khensa ya nhlaribya ya vununa leyi hangalakeke yi ya eka swiphemu swin'wana swa miri.
6. Vutshunguri bya ku lwa ni mavabyi: Vutshunguri lebyi byi pfuna fambiselo ra nsawutiso leswaku ri lwisana ni khensa.
Yi nga ha tirhisiwa eka khensa ya nhlaribya ya vununa leyi nga tshungulekiki hi vutshunguri byin'wana.
7. Vutshunguri lebyi kongomisiweke: Vutshunguri lebyi byi kongomisiwa eka ti-gene kumbe tiphroteyini to karhi leti pfunaka tisele ta khensa leswaku ti kula ni ku hanya.
Yi nga ha tirhisiwa eka khensa ya nhlaribya ya vununa leyi nga tshungulekiki hi vutshunguri byin'wana.
8. Cryotherapy: Vutshunguri lebyi byi tirhisa xirhami lexikulu leswaku byi gwitsirisa tisele ta khensa kutani byi ti dlaya.
Yi nga ha tirhisiwa eka khensa ya nhlaribya ya vununa leyi nga le ku sunguleni kumbe eka khensa leyi tlheleke yi vuya endzhaku ka loko yi tshunguriwile hi tindlela tin'wana.
9. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU): Vutshunguri lebyi byi tirhisa magandlati ya mpfumawulo lama nga ni matimba leswaku ma hisa tisele ta khensa kutani ma ti dlaya.
Yi nga ha tirhisiwa eka khensa ya nhlaribya ya vununa leyi nga le ku sunguleni kumbe eka khensa leyi tlheleke yi vuya endzhaku ka loko yi tshunguriwile hi tindlela tin'wana.
10. Ku rindza hi vukheta: Endlelo leri ri katsa ku kambela khensa nkarhi na nkarhi, kambe u nga sunguli ku tshunguriwa handle ka loko ku va ni swikombiso kumbe loko swi cinca.
Yi nga ha va yi ri yinene eka vavanuna lava kuleke lava nga ni khensa ya nhlaribya ya vununa leyi kulaka hi ku nonoka ni mavabyi man'wana lamakulu.
I swa nkoka ku bula hi tindlela hinkwato ta vutshunguri ni ntlawa wa swa vutshunguri leswaku ku ta kumiwa ndlela leyinene yo tshungula munhu ha un'we.
Wang Y, Chen J, Wu Z, Ding W, Gao S, Gao Y, Xu C: Mechanisms of enzalutamide resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer and therapeutic strategies to overcome it. Br J Pharmacol. 2021, 178 (2): 239-261.
Talkar SS, Patravale VB: Gene Therapy for Prostate Cancer: A Review. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2021, 21 (3): 385-396.
Šamija I, Fröbe A: CHALLENGES IN MANIPULATING IMMUNE SYSTEM TO TREAT PROSTATE CANCER. Acta Clin Croat. 2019, 58 (Suppl 2): 76-81.
Akaza H, Hinotsu S, Usami M, Ogawa O, Kagawa S, Kitamura T, Tsukamoto T, Naito S, Hirao Y, Murai M, Yamanaka H, Namiki M: The case for androgen deprivation as primary therapy for early stage disease: results from J-CaP and CaPSURE. J Urol. 2006, 176 (6 Pt 2): S47-9.
Abraham-Miranda J, Awasthi S, Yamoah K: Immunologic disparities in prostate cancer between American men of African and European descent. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2021, 164 (): 103426.
de Vrij J, Willemsen RA, Lindholm L, Hoeben RC, Bangma CH, Barber C, Behr JP, Briggs S, Carlisle R, Cheng WS, Dautzenberg IJ, de Ridder C, Dzojic H, Erbacher P, Essand M, Fisher K, Frazier A, Georgopoulos LJ, Jennings I, Kochanek S, Koppers-Lalic D, Kraaij R, Kreppel F, Magnusson M, Maitland N, Neuberg P, Nugent R, Ogris M, Remy JS, Scaife M, Schenk-Braat E, Schooten E, Seymour L, Slade M, Szyjanowicz P, Totterman T, Uil TG, Ulbrich K, van der Weel L, van Weerden W, Wagner E, Zuber G: Adenovirus-derived vectors for prostate cancer gene therapy. Hum Gene Ther. 2010, 21 (7): 795-805.
Lee E, Ha S, Logan SK: Divergent Androgen Receptor and Beta-Catenin Signaling in Prostate Cancer Cells. PLoS One. 2015, 10 (10): e0141589.
['Xihlambanyo xa vutihlamuleri: swa vutshunguri']
['Website leyi yi endleriwe ku dyondzisa ni ku nyika rungula ntsena naswona a yi nyiki switsundzuxo swa vutshunguri kumbe mintirho ya vativi va swa vutshunguri.']
['Rungula leri nyikeriweke a ri fanelanga ri tirhisiwa ku kambela kumbe ku tshungula xiphiqo xa rihanyo kumbe vuvabyi, naswona lava lavaka xitsundzuxo xa vutshunguri va fanele va vonana ni dokodela la nga ni mpfumelelo.']
['Xiya leswaku ndlela leyi ti-neural net ti hlamulaka swivutiso ha yona a yi pakanisi ngopfu loko ku vulavuriwa hi tinomboro, to tanihi nhlayo ya vanhu lava khomiweke hi vuvabyi byo karhi.']
["Minkarhi hinkwayo kombela xitsundzuxo eka dokodela wa wena kumbe eka muongori la fanelekaka malunghana ni xiyimo xa rihanyo ra wena. U nga tshuki u honisa xitsundzuxo xa dokodela kumbe u hlwela ku xi lava hikwalaho ka leswi u swi hlayeke eka website leyi. Loko u ehleketa leswaku u le xiyin'weni xa xihatla xa rihanyo, bela riqingho eka 911 kumbe u ya ekamareni ra xihatla leri nga ekusuhi na wena hi ku hatlisa. A ku na vuxaka bya dokodela ni muvabyi lebyi tumbuluxiweke hi website leyi kumbe ku tirhisiwa ka yona. BioMedLib kumbe vatirhi va yona, kumbe un'wana ni un'wana la hoxaka xandla eka website leyi, a nga endli switiyisekiso, leswi nga erivaleni kumbe leswi nga erivaleni, malunghana ni rungula leri nga laha kumbe ku tirhisiwa ka rona."]
['Ku ala ku byarha vutihlamuleri: mfanelo yo tsala']
['Nawu wa Digital Millennium Copyright Act wa 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (DMCA) wu nyika tindlela ta ku tihlanganisa na vini va timfanelo ta vuhleri lava va tshembaka leswaku swilo leswi humelelaka eka Internet swi tlula timfanelo ta vona ehansi ka nawu wa vuhleri wa U.S.']
['Loko u tshemba leswaku rungula kumbe swilo leswi kumekaka eka website ya hina kumbe eka mintirho ya hina swi tlula mfanelo ya wena yo endla swilo, wena (kumbe muyimeri wa wena) u nga hi rhumela xitiviso u kombela leswaku rungula kumbe swilo leswi swi susiwa kumbe swi siveriwa.']
['Switiviso swi fanele ku rhumeriwa hi ku tsala hi imeyili (languta eka xiyenge xa "Vuxaka" eka adirese ya imeyili).']
["DMCA yi lava leswaku xitiviso xa wena xa ku tlula nawu wa mfanelo ya ku tsala xi katsa mahungu lawa landzelaka: (1) nhlamuselo ya ntirho lowu nga na mfanelo ya ku tsala lowu ku vuriwaka leswaku wu tluriwile; (2) nhlamuselo ya leswi ku vuriwaka leswaku swi tlula nawu wa ku tsala ni mahungu lama ringaneke ku hi pfumelela ku kuma leswi nga endzeni; (3) mahungu ya ku tihlanganisa na wena, ku katsa ni adirese ya wena, nomboro ya riqingho na adirese ya imeyili; (4) xitiviso xa wena xa leswaku u ni ripfumelo ra leswaku leswi nga endzeni hi ndlela leyi ku vilelaka ha yona a swi pfumeleriwanga hi n'wini wa mfanelo ya ku tsala, kumbe muyimeri wa yena, kumbe hi ku tirha ka nawu wihi na wihi; "]
['(5) xitiyisiso xa wena, lexi sayiniweke ehansi ka nxupulo wa ku hemba, xa leswaku mahungu lama nga eka xitiviso i ntiyiso ni leswaku u na matimba yo tirhisa timfanelo ta vuqambi leti ku vuriwaka leswaku ti tluriwile;']
["na (6) ku sayina ka xiviri kumbe ka elektroniki ka n'wini wa mfanelo ya vuqambi kumbe munhu la pfumeleriweke ku endla hi vito ra n'wini wa mfanelo ya vuqambi. "]
['Loko u nga nghenisi vuxokoxoko hinkwabyo lebyi nga laha henhla swi nga endla leswaku ku tirhana ni xivilelo xa wena swi hlwela.']
['Ku Tihlanganisa']
['Hi kombela u hi rhumela imeyili hi xivutiso/xiringanyeto xihi na xihi.']
How to treat prostate cancer?
There are several treatment options available for prostate cancer, depending on the stage and aggressiveness of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health and personal preferences.
Some common treatments include:
1. Active surveillance: This approach involves closely monitoring the cancer with regular checkups and tests, rather than immediately starting treatment.
It may be suitable for men with low-risk prostate cancer.
2. Surgery: A prostatectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the prostate gland.
It can be done through open surgery or laparoscopically (using small incisions and specialized tools).
3. Radiation therapy: This treatment uses high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells.
It can be delivered externally (from a machine outside the body) or internally (through implants placed near the tumor).
4. Hormone therapy: This treatment reduces the levels of male hormones (androgens) in the body, which can slow or stop the growth of prostate cancer.
It can be used alone or in combination with other treatments.
5. Chemotherapy: This treatment uses drugs to kill cancer cells.
It may be used for advanced prostate cancer that has spread to other parts of the body.
6. Immunotherapy: This treatment helps the immune system fight cancer.
It may be used for advanced prostate cancer that has not responded to other treatments.
7. Targeted therapy: This treatment targets specific genes or proteins that help cancer cells grow and survive.
It may be used for advanced prostate cancer that has not responded to other treatments.
8. Cryotherapy: This treatment uses extreme cold to freeze and kill cancer cells.
It may be used for early-stage prostate cancer or for cancer that has come back after other treatments.
9. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU): This treatment uses high-frequency sound waves to heat and destroy cancer cells.
It may be used for early-stage prostate cancer or for cancer that has come back after other treatments.
10. Watchful waiting: This approach involves closely monitoring the cancer with regular checkups and tests, but not starting treatment unless symptoms appear or change.
It may be suitable for older men with slow-growing prostate cancer and other serious health conditions.
It is important to discuss all treatment options with a healthcare team to determine the best course of action for each individual case.
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['Hi ku komisa']
['BioMedLib yi tirhisa tikhompyuta leti nga lo endliwa (ti-algorithm ta michini) ku endla swivutiso ni tinhlamulo.']
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