I yini lexi vangaka khensa ya nhlaribya ya vununa?
Xivangelo xa khensa ya nhlaribya ya vununa a xi tiviwi, kambe ku ni swilo swo hlayanyana leswi nga ha endlaka leswaku munhu a khomiwa hi vuvabyi lebyi.
Leswi swi katsa leswi landzelaka:
1.Malembe: Khombo ro khomiwa hi khensa ya nhlaribya ya vununa ra engeteleka loko munhu a ya a dyuhala, naswona yi tala ku khoma vavanuna lava nga ni malembe yo tlula 65.
2. Matimu ya ndyangu: Vavanuna lava nga ni matimu ya ndyangu ya khensa ya nhlaribya ya vununa, ngopfu-ngopfu tatana kumbe makwavo la nga ni vuvabyi lebyi, va le khombyeni lerikulu.
3. Rixaka: Vavanuna va le Afrika-Amerika va le khombyeni lerikulu ro khomiwa hi khensa ya nhlaribya ya vununa ku tlula vavanuna va tinxaka tin'wana.
4. Swakudya: Swakudya leswi nga ni mafurha yo tala, ngopfu-ngopfu mafurha ya swiharhi, swi nga ha engetela khombo ra ku khomiwa hi khensa ya nhlaribya ya vununa.
5. Ku nyuhela ngopfu: Ku nyuhela ngopfu swi nga ha engetela khombo ro khomiwa hi khensa ya nhlaribya ya vununa.
6. Tihomoni: Ku va ni mpimo lowukulu wa testosterone ni tihomoni tin'wana ta xinuna swi nga ha engetela khombo ra ku khomiwa hi khensa ya nhlaribya ya vununa.
7. Ku pfimba: Ku pfimba ka nhlaribya ya vununa loku tshamaka nkarhi wo leha, ku fana ni ku pfimba ka nhlaribya ya vununa, ku nga ha engetela khombo ra ku khomiwa hi khensa ya nhlaribya ya vununa.
8. Xitekela: Ku cinca ka xitekela loku kumiwaka tanihi ndzhaka, ko tanihi ka ti-gene ta BRCA1 na BRCA2, ku nga ha engetela khombo ra ku khomiwa hi khensa ya nhlaribya ya vununa.
I swa nkoka ku xiya leswaku ku va ni xin'we kumbe swo tala swa swilo leswi swi nga vangaka vuvabyi lebyi a swi vuli swona leswaku wanuna u ta khomiwa hi khensa ya nhlaribya ya vununa naswona vavanuna vo tala lava nga ni khensa ya nhlaribya ya vununa a va na swona swilo leswi va vangaka vuvabyi lebyi.
Ku engetela kwalaho, ku endliwa ndzavisiso lowu yaka emahlweni leswaku ku twisisiwa kahle leswi vangaka khensa ya nhlaribya ya vununa ni ku kuma swilo swin'wana leswi nga endlaka leswaku munhu a khomiwa hi vuvabyi lebyi.
Riihimäki M, Thomsen H, Brandt A, Sundquist J, Hemminki K: What do prostate cancer patients die of? Oncologist. 2011, 16 (2): 175-81.
Gilligan T: Social disparities and prostate cancer: mapping the gaps in our knowledge. Cancer Causes Control. 2005, 16 (1): 45-53.
Newschaffer CJ, Otani K, McDonald MK, Penberthy LT: Causes of death in elderly prostate cancer patients and in a comparison nonprostate cancer cohort. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2000, 92 (8): 613-21.
Frydenberg M, Wijesinha S: Diagnosing prostate cancer - what GPs need to know. Aust Fam Physician. 2007, 36 (5): 345-7.
Shimodaira K, Nakashima J, Nakagami Y, Hirasawa Y, Hashimoto T, Satake N, Gondo T, Namiki K, Ohori M, Ohno Y: Prognostic Value of Platelet Counts in Patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer Treated with Endocrine Therapy. Urol J. 2020, 17 (1): 42-49.
Martínez-Salamanca JI, Ballesteros CM, Carballido Rodríguez J: [Epidemiological fundamentals of clinically localized prostate cancer]. Arch Esp Urol. 2011, 64 (8): 703-10.
['Xihlambanyo xa vutihlamuleri: swa vutshunguri']
['Website leyi yi endleriwe ku dyondzisa ni ku nyika rungula ntsena naswona a yi nyiki switsundzuxo swa vutshunguri kumbe mintirho ya vativi va swa vutshunguri.']
['Rungula leri nyikeriweke a ri fanelanga ri tirhisiwa ku kambela kumbe ku tshungula xiphiqo xa rihanyo kumbe vuvabyi, naswona lava lavaka xitsundzuxo xa vutshunguri va fanele va vonana ni dokodela la nga ni mpfumelelo.']
['Xiya leswaku ndlela leyi ti-neural net ti hlamulaka swivutiso ha yona a yi pakanisi ngopfu loko ku vulavuriwa hi tinomboro, to tanihi nhlayo ya vanhu lava khomiweke hi vuvabyi byo karhi.']
["Minkarhi hinkwayo kombela xitsundzuxo eka dokodela wa wena kumbe eka muongori la fanelekaka malunghana ni xiyimo xa rihanyo ra wena. U nga tshuki u honisa xitsundzuxo xa dokodela kumbe u hlwela ku xi lava hikwalaho ka leswi u swi hlayeke eka website leyi. Loko u ehleketa leswaku u le xiyin'weni xa xihatla xa rihanyo, bela riqingho eka 911 kumbe u ya ekamareni ra xihatla leri nga ekusuhi na wena hi ku hatlisa. A ku na vuxaka bya dokodela ni muvabyi lebyi tumbuluxiweke hi website leyi kumbe ku tirhisiwa ka yona. BioMedLib kumbe vatirhi va yona, kumbe un'wana ni un'wana la hoxaka xandla eka website leyi, a nga endli switiyisekiso, leswi nga erivaleni kumbe leswi nga erivaleni, malunghana ni rungula leri nga laha kumbe ku tirhisiwa ka rona."]
['Ku ala ku byarha vutihlamuleri: mfanelo yo tsala']
['Nawu wa Digital Millennium Copyright Act wa 1998, 17 U.S.C. § 512 (DMCA) wu nyika tindlela ta ku tihlanganisa na vini va timfanelo ta vuhleri lava va tshembaka leswaku swilo leswi humelelaka eka Internet swi tlula timfanelo ta vona ehansi ka nawu wa vuhleri wa U.S.']
['Loko u tshemba leswaku rungula kumbe swilo leswi kumekaka eka website ya hina kumbe eka mintirho ya hina swi tlula mfanelo ya wena yo endla swilo, wena (kumbe muyimeri wa wena) u nga hi rhumela xitiviso u kombela leswaku rungula kumbe swilo leswi swi susiwa kumbe swi siveriwa.']
['Switiviso swi fanele ku rhumeriwa hi ku tsala hi imeyili (languta eka xiyenge xa "Vuxaka" eka adirese ya imeyili).']
["DMCA yi lava leswaku xitiviso xa wena xa ku tlula nawu wa mfanelo ya ku tsala xi katsa mahungu lawa landzelaka: (1) nhlamuselo ya ntirho lowu nga na mfanelo ya ku tsala lowu ku vuriwaka leswaku wu tluriwile; (2) nhlamuselo ya leswi ku vuriwaka leswaku swi tlula nawu wa ku tsala ni mahungu lama ringaneke ku hi pfumelela ku kuma leswi nga endzeni; (3) mahungu ya ku tihlanganisa na wena, ku katsa ni adirese ya wena, nomboro ya riqingho na adirese ya imeyili; (4) xitiviso xa wena xa leswaku u ni ripfumelo ra leswaku leswi nga endzeni hi ndlela leyi ku vilelaka ha yona a swi pfumeleriwanga hi n'wini wa mfanelo ya ku tsala, kumbe muyimeri wa yena, kumbe hi ku tirha ka nawu wihi na wihi; "]
['(5) xitiyisiso xa wena, lexi sayiniweke ehansi ka nxupulo wa ku hemba, xa leswaku mahungu lama nga eka xitiviso i ntiyiso ni leswaku u na matimba yo tirhisa timfanelo ta vuqambi leti ku vuriwaka leswaku ti tluriwile;']
["na (6) ku sayina ka xiviri kumbe ka elektroniki ka n'wini wa mfanelo ya vuqambi kumbe munhu la pfumeleriweke ku endla hi vito ra n'wini wa mfanelo ya vuqambi. "]
['Loko u nga nghenisi vuxokoxoko hinkwabyo lebyi nga laha henhla swi nga endla leswaku ku tirhana ni xivilelo xa wena swi hlwela.']
['Ku Tihlanganisa']
['Hi kombela u hi rhumela imeyili hi xivutiso/xiringanyeto xihi na xihi.']
What causes prostate cancer?
The exact cause of prostate cancer is not known, but several factors have been identified that may increase the risk of developing the disease.
These include:
1. Age: The risk of prostate cancer increases with age, with most cases occurring in men over the age of 65.
2. Family history: Men with a family history of prostate cancer, particularly a father or brother with the disease, are at a higher risk.
3. Race: African American men have a higher risk of developing prostate cancer than men of other races.
4. Diet: A diet high in fat, particularly animal fat, may increase the risk of prostate cancer.
5. Obesity: Being overweight or obese may increase the risk of developing prostate cancer.
6. Hormones: High levels of testosterone and other male hormones may increase the risk of prostate cancer.
7. Inflammation: Chronic inflammation of the prostate, such as prostatitis, may increase the risk of prostate cancer.
8. Genetics: Certain inherited genetic mutations, such as those in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, may increase the risk of prostate cancer.
It is important to note that having one or more of these risk factors does not mean that a man will definitely develop prostate cancer, and many men with prostate cancer have no known risk factors.
Additionally, research is ongoing to better understand the causes of prostate cancer and identify additional risk factors.
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