Xana pathophysiology ya khensa ya nhlaribya ya vununa i yini?
Pathophysiology ya khensa ya nhlaribya ya vununa yi vula tindlela leti endlaka leswaku vuvabyi lebyi byi va kona ni ku ya emahlweni.
Khensa ya nhlaribya ya vununa i tshumba leri nga ni khombo leri humaka eka tisele ta nhlaribya ya vununa, ku nga xirho lexitsongo lexi nga ni xivumbeko xa xifaki lexi nga ehansi ka thundhela eka vavanuna.
Xirhumbana xa vununa xi humesa mbewu ya vununa, leyi wundlaka mbewu ya vununa ni ku yi rhwala.
Xivangelo xa khensa ya nhlaribya ya vununa a xi twisisiwi kahle, kambe ku ni swilo swo hlayanyana leswi endlaka leswaku munhu a va ekhombyeni ro khomiwa hi vuvabyi lebyi.
Leswi swi katsa malembe, matimu ya ndyangu, rixaka ni ku cinca ka xitekela.
Khensa ya nhlaribya ya vununa yi tala ku hlasela vavanuna lava kuleke, lava nga ni malembe yo tlula 65.
Ku engetela kwalaho, vavanuna lava nga ni matimu ya ndyangu ya khensa ya nhlaribya ya vununa va le khombyeni lerikulu, ku fana ni vavanuna va le Amerika lava nga Vantima ni vavanuna lava davukeke eCaribbean.
Pathophysiology ya khensa ya nhlaribya ya vununa yi katsa ku kula loku nga lawulekiki ni ku avana ka tisele ta nhlaribya ya vununa.
Leswi swi nga ha vangiwa hi ku cinca ka swiaki swa xitekela leswi endlaka leswaku ku va ni swiaki swo karhi leswi endlaka leswaku miri wu kula kumbe ku nga tirhi ka swiaki swa xitekela leswi sivelaka ku kula ka tshumba.
Ku cinca loku ku nga endla leswaku tisele ti kula hi ndlela leyi nga lawulekiki, leswi nga endlaka leswaku ku va ni tshumba.
Loko tshumba ri ri karhi ri kula, ri nga hlasela tinyama ni swirho swa le kusuhi, swo tanihi thundhela, rektum ni ti-lymph node ta le kusuhi.
Minkarhi yin'wana tisele ta khensa ti nga ha suka eka tshumba ro sungula kutani ti hangalaka ti ya eka swirho swin'wana swa miri hi ngati kumbe hi tisele ta ngati leti fambisaka ngati.
Loko khensa se yi hangalakile, swa tika ku yi tshungula.
Khensa ya nhlaribya ya vununa yi nga ha tlhela yi vangiwa hi tihomoni, ngopfu-ngopfu homoni ya androgen leyi vuriwaka testosterone.
Testosterone yi nga endla leswaku tisele ta khensa ya nhlaribya ya vununa ti kula naswona vutshunguri byo tala bya khensa ya nhlaribya ya vununa byi endleriwe ku hunguta mpimo wa homoni leyi kumbe ku sivela leswaku yi nga ha tirhi.
Hi ku komisa, vuvabyi bya khensa ya nhlaribya ya vununa byi katsa ku kula ni ku avana ka tisele leti nga lawulekiki ta nhlaribya ya vununa, leswi nga ha kuceteriwaka hi switekela, tihomoni ni mbango.
Ku twisisa ndlela leyi vuvabyi lebyi byi tirhaka ha yona i swa nkoka leswaku ku ta kumiwa vutshunguri lebyi tirhaka ni ku antswisa vuyelo bya vavabyi lava nga ni khensa ya nhlaribya ya vununa.
Zobniw CM, Causebrook A, Fong MK: Clinical use of abiraterone in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Res Rep Urol. 2014, 6 (): 97-105.
Lim HY, Agarwal AM, Agarwal N, Ward JH: Recurrent epistaxis as a presenting sign of androgen-sensitive metastatic prostate cancer. Singapore Med J. 2009, 50 (5): e178-80.
Kohli M, Qin R, Jimenez R, Dehm SM: Biomarker-based targeting of the androgen-androgen receptor axis in advanced prostate cancer. Adv Urol. 2012, 2012 (): 781459.
Nelson JB, Hedican SP, George DJ, Reddi AH, Piantadosi S, Eisenberger MA, Simons JW: Identification of endothelin-1 in the pathophysiology of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Nat Med. 1995, 1 (9): 944-9.
Msaouel P, Nandikolla G, Pneumaticos SG, Koutsilieris M: Bone microenvironment-targeted manipulations for the treatment of osteoblastic metastasis in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2013, 22 (11): 1385-400.
Kotani K, Sekine Y, Ishikawa S, Ikpot IZ, Suzuki K, Remaley AT: High-density lipoprotein and prostate cancer: an overview. J Epidemiol. 2013, 23 (5): 313-9.
Jadvar H: Molecular imaging of prostate cancer: a concise synopsis. Mol Imaging. , 8 (2): 56-64.
['Xihlambanyo xa vutihlamuleri: swa vutshunguri']
['Website leyi yi endleriwe ku dyondzisa ni ku nyika rungula ntsena naswona a yi nyiki switsundzuxo swa vutshunguri kumbe mintirho ya vativi va swa vutshunguri.']
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['Switiviso swi fanele ku rhumeriwa hi ku tsala hi imeyili (languta eka xiyenge xa "Vuxaka" eka adirese ya imeyili).']
["DMCA yi lava leswaku xitiviso xa wena xa ku tlula nawu wa mfanelo ya ku tsala xi katsa mahungu lawa landzelaka: (1) nhlamuselo ya ntirho lowu nga na mfanelo ya ku tsala lowu ku vuriwaka leswaku wu tluriwile; (2) nhlamuselo ya leswi ku vuriwaka leswaku swi tlula nawu wa ku tsala ni mahungu lama ringaneke ku hi pfumelela ku kuma leswi nga endzeni; (3) mahungu ya ku tihlanganisa na wena, ku katsa ni adirese ya wena, nomboro ya riqingho na adirese ya imeyili; (4) xitiviso xa wena xa leswaku u ni ripfumelo ra leswaku leswi nga endzeni hi ndlela leyi ku vilelaka ha yona a swi pfumeleriwanga hi n'wini wa mfanelo ya ku tsala, kumbe muyimeri wa yena, kumbe hi ku tirha ka nawu wihi na wihi; "]
['(5) xitiyisiso xa wena, lexi sayiniweke ehansi ka nxupulo wa ku hemba, xa leswaku mahungu lama nga eka xitiviso i ntiyiso ni leswaku u na matimba yo tirhisa timfanelo ta vuqambi leti ku vuriwaka leswaku ti tluriwile;']
["na (6) ku sayina ka xiviri kumbe ka elektroniki ka n'wini wa mfanelo ya vuqambi kumbe munhu la pfumeleriweke ku endla hi vito ra n'wini wa mfanelo ya vuqambi. "]
['Loko u nga nghenisi vuxokoxoko hinkwabyo lebyi nga laha henhla swi nga endla leswaku ku tirhana ni xivilelo xa wena swi hlwela.']
['Ku Tihlanganisa']
['Hi kombela u hi rhumela imeyili hi xivutiso/xiringanyeto xihi na xihi.']
What is pathophysiology of prostate cancer?
The pathophysiology of prostate cancer refers to the underlying mechanisms and processes that lead to the development and progression of the disease.
Prostate cancer is a malignant tumor that arises from the cells of the prostate gland, which is a small, walnut-shaped organ located below the bladder in men.
The prostate gland produces seminal fluid, which nourishes and transports sperm.
The exact cause of prostate cancer is not fully understood, but several factors are known to increase the risk of developing the disease.
These include age, family history, race, and certain genetic mutations.
Prostate cancer is more common in older men, with the majority of cases occurring in men over the age of 65.
Additionally, men with a family history of prostate cancer are at an increased risk, as are African American men and men of Caribbean descent.
The pathophysiology of prostate cancer involves the uncontrolled growth and division of cells within the prostate gland.
This can occur due to genetic mutations that lead to the overexpression of certain growth factors or the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes.
These mutations can result in the unregulated growth of cells, leading to the formation of a tumor.
As the tumor grows, it can invade nearby tissues and organs, such as the bladder, rectum, and nearby lymph nodes.
In some cases, cancer cells can break away from the primary tumor and spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system, a process known as metastasis.
Once the cancer has spread, it can be more difficult to treat.
Prostate cancer can also be influenced by hormonal factors, particularly the androgen hormone testosterone.
Testosterone can stimulate the growth of prostate cancer cells, and many treatments for prostate cancer aim to reduce the levels of this hormone or block its effects.
In summary, the pathophysiology of prostate cancer involves the uncontrolled growth and division of cells within the prostate gland, which can be influenced by genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors.
Understanding the underlying mechanisms of the disease is crucial for developing effective treatments and improving outcomes for patients with prostate cancer.
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