How is Alzheimer diagnosed?

聽下呢個頁面

阿茲海默症係點樣診斷嘅呢?

阿爾茨海默氏症嘅診斷方法包括 徹底嘅醫學評估,認知同神經心理測試,腦部成像 同埋排除其他可能嘅病因

1. 醫學檢查: 醫生會做身體檢查,並詳細記錄病史,以排除其他可能導致記憶力喪失或認知能力下降嘅原因,例如甲狀腺問題,維生素缺乏,或者腦腫瘤.

2. 認知同神經心理測試: 呢啲測試評估記憶力,語言,解決問題,同埋其他認知功能, 嚟確定認知障礙嘅程度, 同埋區別正常同年齡相關嘅記憶力損失同痴呆症.

3. 腦部影像: 磁共振影像 (MRI) 或者電腦掃描 (CT) 可以幫助發現腦部嘅結構變化,可能表明阿尔茨海默病.

Positron emission tomography (PET) 掃描亦可以用嚟測量同阿茲海默症有關嘅特定蛋白質嘅水平.

4. 血液檢查: 最近嘅研究顯示,某啲血液檢查可以幫助診斷阿尔茨海默氏症, 因為可以測量同呢個病有關嘅特定蛋白質或者生物標記嘅水平.

5. 排除過程:因為阿茲海默症冇一個確定嘅測試方法,所以診斷通常需要排除其他可能導致痴呆症嘅症狀.

值得注意嘅係,阿茲海默症嘅確切診斷 只有喺死後,通過腦組織嘅檢查才能做.

但係,現有嘅診斷方法 可以喺病人仲活著嘅時候 提供高水平嘅臨床診斷確實性.

早期診斷對開始治療同為未來做計劃係好重要

參考資料

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

Liu SS, Zhu SQ: [Correlation between Alzheimer disease and cataract]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi. 2017, 53 (4): 314-316.

Gauthier S: Practical guidelines for the antemortem diagnosis of senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 1985, 9 (5-6): 491-5.

Rubin R: New Test to Help Diagnose Alzheimer Disease. JAMA. 2022, 327 (23): 2281.

[Blood Based Biomarker for Optimization of Early and Differential Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Dementia]. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 2022, 90 (7-08): 326-335.

Kapp MB: Physicians' legal duties regarding the use of genetic tests to predict and diagnose Alzheimer disease. J Leg Med. 2000, 21 (4): 445-75.

Britschgi M, Wyss-Coray T: Blood protein signature for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol. 2009, 66 (2): 161-5.

Volicer L, Berman SA, Cipolloni PB, Mandell A: Persistent vegetative state in Alzheimer disease. Does it exist? Arch Neurol. 1997, 54 (11): 1382-4.

Imabayashi E, Saitoh Y, Tsukamoto T, Sakata M, Takano H: Combination of Astrogliosis and Phosphorylated Tau for the Preclinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease Using 3-Dimensional Stereotactic Surface Projection Images With 18 F-THK5351. Clin Nucl Med. 2022, 47 (12): 1066-1068.

Martínez A, Lahiri DK, Giacobini E, Greig NH: Advances in Alzheimer therapy: understanding pharmacological approaches to the disease. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2009, 6 (2): 83-5.

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How is alzheimer diagnosed?

Alzheimer's disease is diagnosed through a combination of methods, including a thorough medical evaluation, cognitive and neuropsychological tests, brain imaging, and the process of elimination of other possible causes.

1. Medical evaluation: A doctor will perform a physical examination and take a detailed medical history to rule out other possible causes of memory loss or cognitive decline, such as thyroid problems, vitamin deficiencies, or brain tumors.

2. Cognitive and neuropsychological tests: These tests assess memory, language, problem-solving, and other cognitive functions to determine the extent of cognitive impairment and to differentiate between normal age-related memory loss and dementia.

3. Brain imaging: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans can help identify structural changes in the brain that may indicate Alzheimer's disease.

Positron emission tomography (PET) scans can also be used to measure the levels of certain proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease.

4. Blood tests: Recent research has shown that certain blood tests can help diagnose Alzheimer's disease by measuring the levels of specific proteins or biomarkers associated with the disease.

5. Process of elimination: Since there is no single definitive test for Alzheimer's disease, diagnosis often involves ruling out other possible causes of dementia-like symptoms.

It is important to note that a definitive diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease can only be made after death through an examination of brain tissue.

However, current diagnostic methods can provide a high level of certainty for a clinical diagnosis while the person is still alive.

Early diagnosis is important for starting treatment and planning for the future.

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