How to prevent Diabetes?

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點樣預防糖尿病?

1. 保持健康嘅體重: 超重或者肥胖係 2 型糖尿病嘅主要風險因素.

如果你超重,減肥可以大大降低你嘅風險.

2. 吃健康嘅食物: 選擇豐富全谷物,水果,蔬菜,瘦蛋白,低脂肪乳制品嘅食物.

限制你食用加工食品,含糖飲料,同埋飽和脂肪.

3. 定期運動: 每個禮拜大部份日子,至少要有 30 分鐘中等強度嘅運動,例如快步行.

定期運動可以幫助你保持健康嘅體重,並改善胰島素敏感性.

4. 檢查血糖水平:如果你有糖尿病前期或者糖尿病發病風險高, 定期檢查血糖可以幫助你及早發現任何變化, 並做出必要嘅生活方式調整.

5. 睡眠充足: 睡眠不足可以增加患糖尿病嘅風險.

每晚要 ⁇ 七到八個鐘嘅睡眠

6. 控制壓力:慢性壓力可以增加你患糖尿病嘅風險.

搵出健康嘅方法去應對壓力,例如冥想,,或者運動.

7. 限制酒精嘅攝取: 過度飲酒可以增加患糖尿病嘅風險.

如果你飲酒,要適度飲酒.

8. 戒煙: 吸煙會增加你患糖尿病同埋其他慢性病嘅風險.

戒煙可以減少你嘅風險.

9. 定期檢查: 定期檢查可以幫助您監控您的風險因素,並改變生活方式,以防止糖尿病.

10. 按照處方服用藥物:如果您 prescribed 藥物來幫助預防糖尿病,例如 metformin,請確保按照您的醫療服務提供者指示服用.

11. 考慮補充劑: 有啲補充劑,例如,,同埋α-酸, 可以幫助改善胰島素敏感度,減少患糖尿病嘅風險.

喺開始服用任何補充劑之前,請先同您的醫療服務提供者傾偈.

12. 保持水分: 喝多啲水可以幫助你保持健康嘅體重,減少患糖尿病嘅風險.

13. 避免長時間坐著: 長時間坐著可以增加患糖尿病嘅風險.

確保你整日都會起身,定期運動.

14. 攝取足夠嘅維生素D: 低水平嘅維生素D同糖尿病嘅風險有關係.

如果需要,請確保陽光充足,或者服用維生素D補充劑.

15. 注意飲食: 慢慢食用,注意肚餓同飽足感, 可以幫助你保持健康嘅體重,減少糖尿病嘅風險.

16. 限制加工食品:加工食品通常含有大量不健康嘅脂肪,糖和, 增加患糖尿病嘅風險.

盡可能選擇完整嘅,未加工嘅食物.

17. 食多啲纖維: 高纖維嘅飲食可以改善血糖控制,減少糖尿病嘅風險.

食用好多水果,蔬菜同全谷物.

18. 限制紅肉同加工肉: 攝取大量紅肉同加工肉會增加糖尿病嘅風險.

選擇瘦嘅蛋白質,例如雞肉,魚類,或者豆腐.

19. 喝綠茶:綠茶含有抗氧化劑,可以幫助改善胰島素敏感度,降低糖尿病嘅風險.

20. 考慮草本療法: 有啲草本,例如草,草,同埋苦, 可能有助於改善血糖控制,減少患糖尿病嘅風險.

喺食用任何草藥之前,請先同您的醫療服務提供者傾偈.

21. 控制食量: 吃大份可以導致體重增加,增加患糖尿病嘅風險.

練習控制份量,用更細嘅盤子,並計量你食嘅食物.

222. 限制含糖飲料:含糖飲料,例如汽水同水果汁

參考資料

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

Schwarz PE, Li J, Lindström J, Bergmann A, Gruhl U, Saaristo T, Tuomilehto J: How should the clinician most effectively prevent type 2 diabetes in the obese person at high risk? Curr Diab Rep. 2007, 7 (5): 353-62.

Ritchie ND, Kaufmann P, Sauder KA: Comment on Ely et al. A National Effort to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes: Participant-Level Evaluation of CDC's National Diabetes Prevention Program. Diabetes Care 2017;40:1331-1341. Diabetes Care. 2017, 40 (11): e161-e162.

Kawamori R: [Clinical trials to evaluate interventions aimed to prevent or delay the development of diabetes in high risk IGT]. Nihon Rinsho. 2004, 62 (6): 1158-63.

Ely EK, Gruss SM, Luman ET, Albright AL: Response to Comment on Ely et al. A National Effort to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes: Participant-Level Evaluation of CDC's National Diabetes Prevention Program. Diabetes Care 2017;40:1331-1341. Diabetes Care. 2017, 40 (11): e163.

Han S, Luo Y, Liu B, Guo T, Qin D, Luo F: Dietary flavonoids prevent diabetes through epigenetic regulation: advance and challenge. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2022, (): 1-17.

Hoskin MA, Bray GA, Hattaway K, Khare-Ranade PA, Pomeroy J, Semler LN, Weinzierl VA, Wylie-Rosett J: Prevention of Diabetes Through the Lifestyle Intervention: Lessons Learned from the Diabetes Prevention Program and Outcomes Study and its Translation to Practice. Curr Nutr Rep. 2014, 3 (4): 364-378.

Schwarz PE: 6th World Congress on Prevention of Diabetes and its Complications. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab. 2010, 5 (4): 517-520.

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How to prevent diabetes?

1. Maintain a healthy weight: Being overweight or obese is a major risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes.

Losing weight if you are overweight can significantly reduce your risk.

2. Eat a healthy diet: Choose a diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and low-fat dairy products.

Limit your intake of processed foods, sugary drinks, and saturated fats.

3. Exercise regularly: Engage in at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity, such as brisk walking, on most days of the week.

Regular exercise can help you maintain a healthy weight and improve insulin sensitivity.

4. Monitor your blood sugar levels: If you have prediabetes or are at high risk for developing diabetes, regular blood sugar monitoring can help you catch any changes early and make necessary lifestyle adjustments.

5. Get enough sleep: Poor sleep habits can increase your risk of developing diabetes.

Aim for 7-8 hours of quality sleep each night.

6. Manage stress: Chronic stress can increase your risk of developing diabetes.

Find healthy ways to manage stress, such as meditation, yoga, or exercise.

7. Limit alcohol intake: Excessive alcohol consumption can increase your risk of developing diabetes.

If you drink, do so in moderation.

8. Quit smoking: Smoking increases your risk of developing diabetes and other chronic health conditions.

Quitting smoking can help reduce your risk.

9. Get regular check-ups: Regular check-ups with your healthcare provider can help you monitor your risk factors and make necessary lifestyle changes to prevent diabetes.

10. Take medication as prescribed: If you have been prescribed medication to help prevent diabetes, such as metformin, make sure to take it as directed by your healthcare provider.

11. Consider supplements: Some supplements, such as chromium, magnesium, and alpha-lipoic acid, may help improve insulin sensitivity and reduce your risk of developing diabetes.

Talk to your healthcare provider before starting any supplements.

12. Stay hydrated: Drinking plenty of water can help you maintain a healthy weight and reduce your risk of developing diabetes.

13. Avoid sitting for long periods: Prolonged sitting can increase your risk of developing diabetes.

Make sure to get up and move around regularly throughout the day.

14. Get enough vitamin D: Low levels of vitamin D have been linked to an increased risk of developing diabetes.

Make sure to get enough sunlight exposure or take a vitamin D supplement if needed.

15. Practice mindful eating: Eating slowly and paying attention to your hunger and fullness cues can help you maintain a healthy weight and reduce your risk of developing diabetes.

16. Limit processed foods: Processed foods are often high in unhealthy fats, sugars, and sodium, which can increase your risk of developing diabetes.

Choose whole, unprocessed foods whenever possible.

17. Eat more fiber: A high-fiber diet can help improve blood sugar control and reduce your risk of developing diabetes.

Include plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains in your diet.

18. Limit red and processed meats: High intake of red and processed meats has been linked to an increased risk of developing diabetes.

Choose lean proteins, such as chicken, fish, or tofu, instead.

19. Drink green tea: Green tea contains antioxidants that may help improve insulin sensitivity and reduce your risk of developing diabetes.

20. Consider herbal remedies: Some herbs, such as gymnema, fenugreek, and bitter melon, may help improve blood sugar control and reduce your risk of developing diabetes.

Talk to your healthcare provider before taking any herbal remedies.

21. Practice portion control: Eating large portions can lead to weight gain and increase your risk of developing diabetes.

Practice portion control by using smaller plates and measuring your food.

222. Limit sugary drinks: Sugary drinks, such as soda and fruit juice

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