Kanker usus besar didiagnosis melalui kombinasi tes wan prosedur, nang mungkin termasuk:
1. Pemeriksaan fisik: Dokter akan melakukan pemeriksaan fisik untuk memeriksa kelainan atau tanda-tanda penyakit.
2. Tes darah: Tes darah kawa membantu menentukan apakah ada kelainan dalam darah nang mungkin menandakan adanya kanker.
3. Tes tinja: Tes tinja kawa mendeteksi adanya darah dalam tinja, nang mungkin merupakan tanda kanker usus besar.
4. Kolonoskopi: Ini adalah prosedur nang mana tabung tipis wan fleksibel lawan lampu wan kamera di hujungnya dimasukakan ke dalam rektum gasan memeriksa usus besar.
Salawas kolonoskopi, dokter kawa jua maambil sampel jaringan (biopsi) gasan dipariksa apakah ada sel kanker.
5. Sigmoidoskopi: Sama kayak kolonoskopi, sigmoidoskopi memeriksa bagian bawah usus besar.
6. Virtual colonoscopy: Ini adalah CT scan usus besar yang menciptakan gambar 3D dari usus besar dan rektum.
7. Tes darah okult di tinja: Tes ini memeriksa adanya darah di tinja, nang mungkin menandakan adanya kanker.
8. Barium enema kontras ganda: Ini adalah pemeriksaan sinar-x usus besar dan rektum, di mana bahan kontras digunakan untuk menyoroti kelainan.
9. Biopsi: Biopsi adalah pengangkatan sejumlah kecil jaringan dari usus besar untuk diperiksa di bawah mikroskop untuk menentukan apakah ada sel kanker.
10. tes pencitraan: CT scan, MRI scan, dan sinar-x dada kawa dipakai gasan manantuakan apakah kanker sudah manyabar ka bagian awak nang lain.
Imbah diagnosis kanker usus besar diulah, dokter akan manantuakan stadium kanker, nang mambantu manantuakan perawatan nang paling baik.
Tahapnya didasarakan lawan ukuran wan wadah tumor, lawan apakah sudah manyabar ka bagian awak nang lain.
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Khan FA, Albalawi R, Pottoo FH: Trends in targeted delivery of nanomaterials in colon cancer diagnosis and treatment. Med Res Rev. 2022, 42 (1): 227-258.
Shi J, Fei J, Yi Q, Shen L, Wan B, Chen Y, Chang Q: Treatment of colon cancer in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report. BMC Cancer. 2018, 18 (1): 961.
Ren QG, Huang T, Yang SL, Hu JL: Colon cancer metastasis to the mandibular gingiva with partial occult squamous differentiation: A case report and literature review. Mol Clin Oncol. 2017, 6 (2): 189-192.
Feng HT, Zou S, Chen M, Xiong F, Lee MH, Fang L, Tang BZ: Tuning Push-Pull Electronic Effects of AIEgens to Boost the Theranostic Efficacy for Colon Cancer. J Am Chem Soc. 2020, 142 (26): 11442-11450.
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How is colon cancer diagnosed?
Colon cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Physical examination: A doctor will perform a physical examination to check for any abnormalities or signs of illness.
2. Blood tests: Blood tests can help determine if there are any abnormalities in the blood that may indicate the presence of cancer.
3. Stool tests: A stool test can detect the presence of blood in the stool, which may be a sign of colon cancer.
4. Colonoscopy: This is a procedure in which a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera on the end is inserted into the rectum to examine the colon.
During a colonoscopy, the doctor can also take tissue samples (biopsies) to be examined for cancer cells.
5. Sigmoidoscopy: Similar to a colonoscopy, a sigmoidoscopy examines the lower part of the colon.
6. Virtual colonoscopy: This is a CT scan of the colon that creates a 3D image of the colon and rectum.
7. Fecal occult blood test: This test checks for the presence of blood in the stool, which may indicate the presence of cancer.
8. Double-contrast barium enema: This is an x-ray examination of the colon and rectum, in which a contrast material is used to highlight any abnormalities.
9. Biopsy: A biopsy is the removal of a small amount of tissue from the colon for examination under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
10. Imaging tests: CT scans, MRI scans, and chest x-rays may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once a diagnosis of colon cancer is made, the doctor will determine the stage of the cancer, which helps determine the best course of treatment.
Staging is based on the size and location of the tumor, as well as whether it has spread to other parts of the body.
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