1. Umur: Risiko terkena kanker usus besar meningkat seiring bertambahnya usia, dengan sebagian besar kasus terjadi pada orang di atas usia 50 tahun.
2. Riwayat polip atawa kanker usus besar: Amun pian sudah baisi polip atawa kanker usus besar sabalumnya, pian baisi resiko labih tinggi gasan mandapatinya lagi.
3. Riwayat keluarga kanker usus besar: Memiliki riwayat keluarga kanker usus besar meningkatkan resiko terkena penyakit.
4. Penyakit radang usus: Kondisi kronis nang kaya kolitis ulseratif wan penyakit Crohn maningkatakan risiko kanker usus besar.
5. Sindrom genetik: Sindrom genetik tertentu nang diwarisi, kaya sindrom Lynch wan poliposis adenomatosa familial, maningkatakan risiko kanker usus besar.
6. Diet: Diet tinggi daging merah dan olahan, dan rendah buah, sayuran, dan biji-bijian, telah dikaitkan dengan peningkatan risiko kanker usus besar.
7. Obesitas: Kelebihan berat badan atau obesitas meningkatkan risiko kanker usus besar.
8. Kurang aktifitas fisik: Gaya hidup nang kurang aktif dikaitkan lawan meningkatnya risiko kanker usus besar.
9. Merokok: Merokok meningkatkan resiko kanker usus besar, serta jenis kanker lainnya.
10. Konsumsi alkohol: Penggunaan alkohol nang talalu banyak sudah dikaitakan lawan paningkatan risiko kanker usus besar.
11. Diabetes tipe 2: Orang nang menderita diabetes tipe 2 lebih berisiko terkena kanker usus besar.
12. Etnis: Afrika Amerika memiliki resiko kanker usus besar lebih tinggi daripada kelompok etnis lainnya.
13. Terapi radiasi: Terapi radiasi sebelumnya gasan kanker lain di perut atau panggul kawa meningkatkan risiko kanker usus besar.
14. Sindrom warisan: Sindrom warisan tertentu, kaya sindrom Lynch wan familial adenomatous polyposis, maningkatakan risiko kanker usus besar.
15. Obstruksi, perforasi, lawan invasi tingkat T4: Faktor-faktor ini hudah diidentifikasi sebagai faktor resiko independen gasan kanker usus besar.
16. Faktor resiko nang kawa dikontrol: Beberapa faktor resiko, nang kaya diet wan gaya hidup, kawa dikontrol gasan mengurangi risiko kanker usus besar.
17. Latihan rutin wan diet sehat: Melakukan aktivitas fisik secara rutin wan makan makanan nang kaya buah, sayuran, wan biji-bijian kawa membantu mengurangi risiko kanker usus besar.
18. Pemeriksaan: Pemeriksaan rutin gasan kanker usus besar, kaya kolonoskopi, kawa membantu mendeteksi lawan mencegah penyakit.
19. Faktor resiko di luar kendali kita: Beberapa faktor resiko, kaya usia, ras, dan riwayat keluarga, kada kawa diubah, tapi sadar akan hal itu kawa membantu deteksi awal dan perawatan.
20. Faktor risiko gaya hidup: Kurang aktifitas fisik, kelebihan berat badan, merokok, dan konsumsi alkohol berat adalah faktor risiko gaya hidup nang kawa meningkatkan risiko kanker usus besar.
21. Pemeriksaan: Pemeriksaan rutin gasan kanker usus besar, kaya kolonoskopi, kawa membantu mendeteksi lawan mencegah penyakit.
22. Deteksi dini: Deteksi dini kanker usus besar melalui skrining kawa meningkatkan tingkat kelangsungan hidup.
23. Faktor resiko gasan neoplasma metachronous nang sudah lanjut: Kanker usus besar distal, adenoma berisiko tinggi sinkron, wan hipertensi kawa maningkatakan resiko neoplasma metachronous nang sudah lanjut salawas pengawasan imbah reseksi kanker usus besar.
24. Pilihan skrining: Ada bamacam pilihan skrining gasan kanker usus besar, tamasuk tes darah okult di tinja, sigmoidoskopi, wan kolonoskopi virtual.
25. Faktor resiko gasan kebocoran anastomosis: Merokok wan waktu operasi nang lawas adalah faktor resiko gasan kebocoran anastomosis kolon sebelah kanan imbah kolektomy kanan laparoskopi.
26. Hasil onkologis: Kadada parbidaan nang signifikan dalam kambuh lokal, kasalamatan kasaluruhan, atawa kasalamatan spesifik kanker antara pasien lawan lawan tanpa kebocoran anastomosis imbah kolektomy kanan laparoskopi.
27. Faktor resiko kanker usus besar pada wanita pascamenopause: Umur, lingkar pinggang, penggunaan terapi hormon, tahun merokok, arthritis, tingkat hematokrit lebih rendah, kelelahan, diabetes, kurang penggunaan obat tidur, dan cholecystektomi adalah faktor resiko kanker usus besar pada wanita pascamenopause.
Hartz A, He T, Ross JJ: Risk factors for colon cancer in 150,912 postmenopausal women. Cancer Causes Control. 2012, 23 (10): 1599-605.
Wang X, Lei T, Ma X: [Colon cancer risk factors in Jiashan county, Zhejiang province, the highest incidence area in China]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi. 2001, 23 (6): 480-2.
Hatano S, Ishida H, Ishibashi K, Kumamoto K, Haga N, Miura I: Identification of risk factors for recurrence in high-risk stage II colon cancer. Int Surg. , 98 (2): 114-21.
Platz EA, Willett WC, Colditz GA, Rimm EB, Spiegelman D, Giovannucci E: Proportion of colon cancer risk that might be preventable in a cohort of middle-aged US men. Cancer Causes Control. 2000, 11 (7): 579-88.
Nam K, Shin JE: Risk factors of advanced metachronous neoplasms in surveillance after colon cancer resection. Korean J Intern Med. 2021, 36 (2): 305-312.
Kwak HD, Kim SH, Kang DW, Baek SJ, Kwak JM, Kim J: Risk Factors and Oncologic Outcomes of Anastomosis Leakage After Laparoscopic Right Colectomy. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 2017, 27 (6): 440-444.
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What are the risk factors for colon cancer?
1. Age: The risk of developing colon cancer increases with age, with most cases occurring in people over the age of 50.
2. Personal history of polyps or colon cancer: If you have had colon polyps or colon cancer before, you are at a higher risk of developing it again.
3. Family history of colon cancer: Having a family history of colon cancer increases your risk of developing the disease.
4. Inflammatory bowel disease: Chronic conditions such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease increase the risk of colon cancer.
5. Genetic syndromes: Certain inherited genetic syndromes, such as Lynch syndrome and familial adenomatous polyposis, increase the risk of colon cancer.
6. Diet: A diet high in red and processed meats, and low in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, has been linked to an increased risk of colon cancer.
7. Obesity: Being overweight or obese increases the risk of colon cancer.
8. Physical inactivity: A sedentary lifestyle is associated with an increased risk of colon cancer.
9. Smoking: Smoking increases the risk of colon cancer, as well as other types of cancer.
10. Alcohol consumption: Heavy alcohol use has been linked to an increased risk of colon cancer.
11. Type 2 diabetes: People with type 2 diabetes have a higher risk of developing colon cancer.
12. Ethnicity: African Americans have a higher risk of colon cancer than other ethnic groups.
13. Radiation therapy: Previous radiation therapy for other cancers in the abdomen or pelvis may increase the risk of colon cancer.
14. Inherited syndromes: Certain inherited syndromes, such as Lynch syndrome and familial adenomatous polyposis, increase the risk of colon cancer.
15. Obstruction, perforation, and T4-level invasion: These factors have been identified as independent risk factors for colon cancer.
16. Controllable risk factors: Some risk factors, such as diet and lifestyle, can be controlled to reduce the risk of colon cancer.
17. Regular exercise and a healthy diet: Engaging in regular physical activity and eating a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help reduce the risk of colon cancer.
18. Screening: Regular screening for colon cancer, such as colonoscopy, can help detect and prevent the disease.
19. Risk factors beyond our control: Some risk factors, such as age, race, and family history, cannot be changed, but being aware of them can help with early detection and treatment.
20. Lifestyle risk factors: Being physically inactive, overweight, smoking, and heavy alcohol consumption are lifestyle risk factors that can increase the risk of colon cancer.
21. Screening: Regular screening for colon cancer, such as colonoscopy, can help detect and prevent the disease.
22. Early detection: Early detection of colon cancer through screening can improve survival rates.
23. Risk factors for advanced metachronous neoplasms: Distal colon cancer, synchronous high-risk adenomas, and hypertension may increase the risk of advanced metachronous neoplasms during surveillance after colon cancer resection.
24. Screening options: There are various screening options for colon cancer, including fecal occult blood tests, sigmoidoscopy, and virtual colonoscopy.
25. Risk factors for anastomosis leakage: Smoking and long operating time are risk factors for right-side colon anastomosis leakage after laparoscopic right colectomy.
26. Oncologic outcomes: There are no significant differences in local recurrence, overall survival, or cancer-specific survival between patients with and without anastomosis leakage after laparoscopic right colectomy.
27. Risk factors for colon cancer in postmenopausal women: Age, waist girth, use of hormone therapy, years smoked, arthritis, lower hematocrit levels, fatigue, diabetes, less use of sleep medication, and cholecystectomy are risk factors for colon cancer in postmenopausal women.
28. Risk factors in Jiashan County,
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