How is Breast cancer diagnosed?

Nola diagnostikatzen da bularreko minbizia?

Bularreko minbizia proba eta prozedura konbinazio baten bidez diagnostikatzen da, honako hauek izan daitezke:

1. Bularreko azterketa klinikoa: Osasun-laguntzako profesional batek bularra aztertuko du, bularrak, tamaina edo forma aldaketak edo bestelako anormaltasunak ikusteko.

2. Mamografia: Bularreko erradiografia bat, anormaltasunak hautematen dituena, ukitu aurretik ere.

3. Ultrasoinu-azterketa: Soinu-uhinak erabiltzen dituen azterketa bat da, bularreko ehunaren irudia sortzeko, eta horrek lagundu dezake zehazten lodia solidoa den edo likidoz beteta dagoen.

4. MRI: erresonantzia magnetiko bidezko irudiak (MRI) eremu magnetikoa eta irrati-uhinak erabiltzen ditu bularreko ehunen irudi zehatzak sortzeko.

5. Biopsia: Bularreko ehun lagin txiki bat ateratzen da eta mikroskopioz aztertzen da, minbizi-zelulak dauden jakiteko.

6. Odol-azterketak: Odol-azterketa batzuk egin daitezke, hala nola odol-azterketa osoa edo tumore-markatzaileak, minbiziaren fasea zehazteko edo tratamendua kontrolatzeko.

7. Azterketa genetikoa: familian bularreko minbizia izan bada, azterketa genetikoa egin daiteke, bularreko minbizia izateko arriskua handitzen duen gene-mutazio hereditario bat dagoen ala ez zehazteko.

8. Hezurren eskanerra, CT eskanerra edo PET eskanerra: Irudi-azterketa hauek egin daitezke minbizia gorputzeko beste zati batzuetara zabaldu den jakiteko.

Bularreko minbizia diagnostikatu ondoren, azterketa gehiago egin daitezke minbiziaren fasea eta gradua zehazteko, tratamendua erabakitzen laguntzen dutenak.

Erreferentziak

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

Zahoor S, Lali IU, Khan MA, Javed K, Mehmood W: Breast Cancer Detection and Classification using Traditional Computer Vision Techniques: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Med Imaging. 2020, 16 (10): 1187-1200.

Dewar MA, Love N: Legal issues in managing breast disease. Postgrad Med. 1992, 92 (5): 137-40, 143-4, 149-51 passim.

Donepudi MS, Kondapalli K, Amos SJ, Venkanteshan P: Breast cancer statistics and markers. J Cancer Res Ther. , 10 (3): 506-11.

Sazuka T, Miyazawa Y, Tochigi T, Hirano A, Mori M, Kosugi C, Shuto K, Kasahara K, Hiroshima Y, Matsuo K, Tanaka K, Yamazaki K, Koda K, Matsubara H: [A Case of Rectal Metastasis from Breast Cancer Diagnosed Two Years after Surgery]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 2017, 44 (12): 1254-1256.

Yan J, Liu Z, Du S, Li J, Ma L, Li L: Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer in the Precision Medicine Era. Methods Mol Biol. 2020, 2204 (): 53-61.

Cong J, Wei B, He Y, Yin Y, Zheng Y: A Selective Ensemble Classification Method Combining Mammography Images with Ultrasound Images for Breast Cancer Diagnosis. Comput Math Methods Med. 2017, 2017 (): 4896386.

Cui R, Wang C, Zhao Q, Wang Y, Li Y: Serum Carboxypeptidase N1 Serves as a Potential Biomarker Complementing CA15-3 for Breast Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2020, 20 (17): 2053-2065.

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How is breast cancer diagnosed?

Breast cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:

1. Clinical breast exam: A healthcare professional will examine the breasts for any lumps, changes in size or shape, or other abnormalities.

2. Mammogram: An x-ray of the breast that can detect abnormalities even before they can be felt.

3. Ultrasound: A test that uses sound waves to create an image of the breast tissue, which can help determine if a lump is solid or filled with fluid.

4. MRI: A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of the breast tissue.

5. Biopsy: A small sample of breast tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.

6. Blood tests: Certain blood tests, such as a complete blood count or tumor markers, may be done to help determine the stage of the cancer or to monitor treatment.

7. Genetic testing: If there is a family history of breast cancer, genetic testing may be done to determine if there is an inherited gene mutation that increases the risk of developing breast cancer.

8. Bone scan, CT scan, or PET scan: These imaging tests may be done to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.

Once a diagnosis of breast cancer is made, further tests may be done to determine the stage and grade of the cancer, which helps guide treatment decisions.

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