What are the risk factors for Breast cancer?

Zein dira bularreko minbiziaren arrisku-faktoreak?

Bularreko minbizia izateko hainbat arrisku-faktore daude, horietako batzuk aldatu daitezke eta beste batzuk ez.

Hona hemen arrisku-faktore ohikoenetako batzuk:

1. Adina: Bularreko minbizia izateko arriskua adinarekin handitzen da, eta kasu gehienak 50 urtetik gorako emakumeei gertatzen zaizkie.

2. Familiako historia: Senide hurbil batek, adibidez amak, ahizpak edo alabak, bularreko minbizia izateko arriskua handitzen du.

3. Mutazio genetikoak: herentziazko mutazio batzuk, hala nola BRCA1 eta BRCA2, bularreko minbizia izateko arriskua handitzen dute.

4. Ugalketa-historia: Menarche goiztiarra (menstruazioaren hasiera), menopausi berantiarra, eta seme-alabarik ez izatea edo lehen umea 30 urtetik aurrera edukitzea arriskua handitu dezake.

5. Hormonen ordezko terapia: Menopausiaren ondoren estrogeno eta progesterona konbinatutako terapia hormonala epe luzean erabiltzeak arriskua handitu dezake.

6. Alkohol-kontsumoa: Alkohol-kontsumoak bularreko minbizia izateko arriskua handitzen du.

7. Obesitatea: Gehiegizko pisua izateak edo obesitateak arriskua handitzen du, batez ere menopausiaren ondoren.

8. Jarduera fisikoa: Jarduera fisikorik ez egiteak arriskua handitu dezake.

9. Erradiazio-exposizioa: Erradiazio-dosi altuen esposizioak, batez ere haurtzaroan, arriskua handitu dezake.

10. Bularreko dentsitatea: Bularreko dentsitatea duten emakumeek bularreko minbizia izateko arrisku handiagoa dute.

11. Menstruazio-historia: Menstruazioa goiz hasi zen emakumeek (12 urte baino lehen) edo menopausia berandu igaro zutenek (55 urtetik aurrera) arrisku apur bat handiagoa dute.

12. Bularra ematea: inoiz bularra eman ez duten emakumeek bularreko minbizia izateko arriskua apur bat handiagoa dute.

Garrantzitsua da kontuan hartzea arrisku-faktore bat edo gehiago izateak ez duela esan nahi pertsona batek bularreko minbizia definituki garatuko duenik, eta arrisku-faktore bat ez izateak ez duela ziurtatzen pertsona batek bularreko minbizia garatuko ez duenik.

Hala ere, arrisku-faktore horiek ulertzeak lagunduko die pertsonei beren osasunari buruzko erabaki jakintsuak hartzen eta, agian, arriskua murrizten.

Erreferentziak

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

Wung SF, Hepworth JT, Sparenga D, Merkle CJ: Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Breast Cancer Outcomes: A Pilot Study. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2015, 42 (5): E330-8.

Frankl G: Risk factors in breast cancer: are they important, are they the same in pre- and post-menopausal breast cancer patients? Oncology. 1980, 37 (1): 41-5.

Ho PJ, Lau HSH, Ho WK, Wong FY, Yang Q, Tan KW, Tan MH, Chay WY, Chia KS, Hartman M, Li J: Incidence of breast cancer attributable to breast density, modifiable and non-modifiable breast cancer risk factors in Singapore. Sci Rep. 2020, 10 (1): 503.

Barnard ME, Boeke CE, Tamimi RM: Established breast cancer risk factors and risk of intrinsic tumor subtypes. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015, 1856 (1): 73-85.

Hines LM, Risendal B, Slattery ML, Baumgartner KB, Giuliano AR, Sweeney C, Rollison DE, Byers T: Comparative analysis of breast cancer risk factors among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women. Cancer. 2010, 116 (13): 3215-23.

Rosner B, Glynn RJ, Eliassen AH, Hankinson SE, Tamimi RM, Chen WY, Holmes MD, Mu Y, Peng C, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Tworoger SS: A Multi-State Survival Model for Time to Breast Cancer Mortality among a Cohort of Initially Disease-Free Women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2022, 31 (8): 1582-1592.

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What are the risk factors for breast cancer?

There are several risk factors for breast cancer, some of which are modifiable and others that are not.

Here are some of the most common risk factors:

1. Age: The risk of developing breast cancer increases with age, with most cases occurring in women over the age of 50.

2. Family history: Having a close relative, such as a mother, sister, or daughter, with breast cancer increases your risk.

3. Genetic mutations: Certain inherited gene mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, increase the risk of developing breast cancer.

4. Reproductive history: Early menarche (start of menstruation), late menopause, and having no children or having the first child after age 30 can increase the risk.

5. Hormone replacement therapy: Long-term use of combined estrogen and progesterone hormone therapy after menopause can increase the risk.

6. Alcohol consumption: Drinking alcohol increases the risk of breast cancer.

7. Obesity: Being overweight or obese increases the risk, especially after menopause.

8. Physical activity: Lack of physical activity can increase the risk.

9. Radiation exposure: Exposure to high doses of radiation, particularly during childhood, can increase the risk.

10. Breast density: Women with dense breasts have a higher risk of developing breast cancer.

11. Menstrual history: Women who started menstruating early (before age 12) or went through menopause late (after age 55) have a slightly higher risk.

12. Breastfeeding: Women who have never breastfed have a slightly higher risk of developing breast cancer.

It is important to note that having one or more risk factors does not mean that a person will definitely develop breast cancer, and not having any risk factors does not guarantee that a person will not develop breast cancer.

However, understanding these risk factors can help individuals make informed decisions about their health and potentially reduce their risk.

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