What are the risk factors for Alzheimer?

Zein dira Alzheimerra izateko arrisku-faktoreak?

Alzheimer gaixotasuna izateko hainbat arrisku-faktore daude, besteak beste:

1. Adina: Alzheimer gaixotasuna izateko arriskua adinarekin handitzen da, eta pertsona gehienek 65 urtetik aurrera diagnostikatzen dute.

2. Genetika: Familian Alzheimer gaixotasuna izatea edo gene batzuk eramatea, hala nola APOE-e4 genea, gaixotasuna garatzeko arriskua handitu dezake.

3. Buruko lesioak: Buruko traumatismo larriak edo konkusio anitzak izateak Alzheimerra izateko arriskua handitu dezake.

4. Osasun kardiobaskularra: Bihotzari eta odol-hodiei eragiten dieten gaixotasunak, hala nola odol-presio altua, kolesterol altua, diabetesa eta obesitatea, Alzheimer gaixotasuna izateko arriskua handitu dezakete.

5. Bizimodu-faktoreak: Erretzeak, alkoholaren gehiegizko kontsumoak eta ariketa fisikorik ez egiteak Alzheimer gaixotasuna izateko arriskua handitu dezake.

6. Inaktibitate kognitiboa: Estimulazio mentalaren gabeziak eta hezkuntza-maila baxuak Alzheimer gaixotasuna izateko arriskua handitu dezakete.

7. Loaren nahasmenduak: Loaren nahasmenduek, hala nola loaren apnea, Alzheimerra izateko arriskua handitu dezakete.

8. Faktore psikologikoak: Depresioak, estresak eta isolamendu sozialak Alzheimer gaixotasuna izateko arriskua handitu dezakete.

Garrantzitsua da kontuan hartzea arrisku-faktore horietako bat edo gehiago izateak ez duela nahitaez esan nahi pertsona batek Alzheimer gaixotasuna garatuko duenik, eta arrisku-faktore ezagunik ez duten pertsona batzuek oraindik ere gaixotasuna garatu dezakete.

Hala ere, arrisku-faktore horiek ulertzeak norbanakoei arriskua murrizteko eta garunaren osasuna sustatzeko urratsak hartzen lagun diezaieke.

Erreferentziak

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

Borenstein AR, Copenhaver CI, Mortimer JA: Early-life risk factors for Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. , 20 (1): 63-72.

Pansari K, Gupta A, Thomas P: Alzheimer's disease and vascular factors: facts and theories. Int J Clin Pract. 2002, 56 (3): 197-203.

Kivipelto M, Helkala EL, Laakso MP, Hänninen T, Hallikainen M, Alhainen K, Iivonen S, Mannermaa A, Tuomilehto J, Nissinen A, Soininen H: Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele, elevated midlife total cholesterol level, and high midlife systolic blood pressure are independent risk factors for late-life Alzheimer disease. Ann Intern Med. 2002, 137 (3): 149-55.

Skoog I, Kalaria RN, Breteler MM: Vascular factors and Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. , 13 Suppl 3 (): S106-14.

Bidzan L: [Initial symptoms and risk factors in Alzheimer's dementia]. Psychiatr Pol. , 28 (2): 207-19.

Gorelick PB: Risk factors for vascular dementia and Alzheimer disease. Stroke. 2004, 35 (11 Suppl 1): 2620-2.

Kummer BR, Diaz I, Wu X, Aaroe AE, Chen ML, Iadecola C, Kamel H, Navi BB: Associations between cerebrovascular risk factors and parkinson disease. Ann Neurol. 2019, 86 (4): 572-581.

Luchsinger JA, Reitz C, Honig LS, Tang MX, Shea S, Mayeux R: Aggregation of vascular risk factors and risk of incident Alzheimer disease. Neurology. 2005, 65 (4): 545-51.

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Kontuan izan galderen erantzunak sortzen dituen sare neuronalak ez duela zehaztasunik, batez ere, eduki numerikoari dagokionez. Adibidez, gaixotasun jakin bat duten pertsonen kopurua.

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What are the risk factors for alzheimer?

There are several risk factors for Alzheimer's disease, including:

1. Age: The risk of developing Alzheimer's disease increases with age, with most people being diagnosed after the age of 65.

2. Genetics: Having a family history of Alzheimer's disease or carrying certain genes, such as the APOE-e4 gene, can increase the risk of developing the disease.

3. Head injury: A history of severe head trauma or multiple concussions may increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease.

4. Cardiovascular health: Conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, and obesity, may increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease.

5. Lifestyle factors: Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and lack of physical exercise may increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease.

6. Cognitive inactivity: A lack of mental stimulation and low levels of education may increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease.

7. Sleep disorders: Sleep disorders, such as sleep apnea, may increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease.

8. Psychological factors: Depression, stress, and social isolation may increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease.

It is important to note that having one or more of these risk factors does not necessarily mean that a person will develop Alzheimer's disease, and some people with no known risk factors may still develop the disease.

However, understanding these risk factors can help individuals take steps to reduce their risk and promote brain health.

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