Alzheimer gaixotasuna gaixotasun neurodegeneratibo progresiboa da, batez ere garunari eragiten diona, memoria galtzea, beherakada kognitiboa eta portaera aldaketak eragiten dituena.
Alzheimerraren gaixotasunaren kausa zehatza ez da guztiz ulertzen, baina uste da faktore genetikoen, ingurumenaren eta bizimoduaren konbinazio baten ondorioa dela.
Alzheimer gaixotasuna garatzen lagundu dezaketen faktoreetako batzuk honako hauek dira:
1. Genetika: Alzheimer gaixotasuna garatzeko arriskua handitzen duten zenbait gene identifikatu dira, batez ere E apolipoproteina (APOE) genea.
2. Adina: Alzheimer gaixotasuna izateko arriskua adinarekin handitzen da, eta pertsona gehienek 65 urtetik aurrera diagnostikatzen dute.
3. Familiako historia: Alzheimer gaixotasuna familian edukitzeak gaixotasun hori garatzeko arriskua handitu dezake.
4. Buruko lesioak: Buruko lesioak izatea, batez ere kontzientzia galtzea eragiten dutenak, Alzheimer gaixotasuna izateko arriskua handitu dezake.
5. Arteria kardiobaskularreko arrisku-faktoreak: odol-presio altua, kolesterol altua eta diabetesa bezalako egoerek Alzheimerra izateko arriskua handitu dezakete.
6. Bizimodu-faktoreak: Bizimodu sedentarioak, dieta eskasak eta estimulazio mentalik ezak Alzheimer gaixotasuna izateko arriskua handitu dezakete.
7. Hantura: Garuneko hantura kronikoak Alzheimer gaixotasuna garatzen lagundu dezake.
8. Estres oxidatiboa: erradikal askeen ekoizpenaren eta gorputzak horiek desintoxikatzeko duen gaitasunaren arteko desoreka Alzheimer gaixotasuna garatzen lagundu dezake.
9. Placa amiloideak eta trabak neurofibrilarriak: Placa amiloideak eta trabak neurofibrilarriak garunean metatzea Alzheimer gaixotasunaren ezaugarri bat da, baina ez da guztiz ulertzen zein paper jokatzen duten gaixotasunaren garapenean.
Garrantzitsua da kontuan hartzea Alzheimerraren gaixotasunaren arrazoia konplexua dela eta, ziurrenik, faktore horien konbinazioa eragiten duela.
Ikerketa etengabea da, oinarrizko mekanismoak hobeto ulertzeko eta egoera suntsitzaile honen tratamendu eraginkorrak garatzeko.
Vellas B, Andrieu S, Cantet C, Dartigues JF, Gauthier S: Long-term changes in ADAS-cog: what is clinically relevant for disease modifying trials in Alzheimer? J Nutr Health Aging. , 11 (4): 338-41.
Braak E, Griffing K, Arai K, Bohl J, Bratzke H, Braak H: Neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease: what is new since A. Alzheimer? Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1999, 249 Suppl 3 (): 14-22.
Kovacs GG: Can Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease unravel the mysteries of Alzheimer? Prion. 2016, 10 (5): 369-376.
Cankurtaran M, Yavuz BB, Cankurtaran ES, Halil M, Ulger Z, Ariogul S: Risk factors and type of dementia: vascular or Alzheimer? Arch Gerontol Geriatr. , 47 (1): 25-34.
Mahami-Oskouei M, Hamidi F, Talebi M, Farhoudi M, Taheraghdam AA, Kazemi T, Sadeghi-Bazargani H, Fallah E: Toxoplasmosis and Alzheimer: can Toxoplasma gondii really be introduced as a risk factor in etiology of Alzheimer? Parasitol Res. 2016, 115 (8): 3169-74.
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What causes alzheimer?
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects the brain, causing memory loss, cognitive decline, and behavioral changes.
The exact cause of Alzheimer's disease is not fully understood, but it is believed to result from a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors.
Some of the factors that may contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease include:
1. Genetics: Certain genes have been identified that increase the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, particularly the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene.
2. Age: The risk of developing Alzheimer's disease increases with age, with most people being diagnosed after the age of 65.
3. Family history: Having a family history of Alzheimer's disease may increase the risk of developing the condition.
4. Head injuries: A history of head injuries, particularly those that result in loss of consciousness, may increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease.
5. Cardiovascular risk factors: Conditions such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes may increase the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease.
6. Lifestyle factors: A sedentary lifestyle, poor diet, and lack of mental stimulation may increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease.
7. Inflammation: Chronic inflammation in the brain may contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease.
8. Oxidative stress: An imbalance between the production of free radicals and the body's ability to detoxify them may contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease.
9. Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles: The accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, but the role they play in the development of the condition is not fully understood.
It is important to note that the cause of Alzheimer's disease is complex and likely involves a combination of these factors.
Research is ongoing to better understand the underlying mechanisms and develop effective treatments for this devastating condition.
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