Il- kanċer tal- kolon jiġi dijanjostikat permezz taʼ kombinazzjoni taʼ testijiet u proċeduri, li jistgħu jinkludu:
1. Eżami fiżiku: It- tabib se jwettaq eżami fiżiku biex jiċċekkja jekk hemmx xi anormalità jew sinjali taʼ mard.
2. Testijiet tad- demm: It- testijiet tad- demm jistgħu jgħinu biex jiġi ddeterminat jekk hemmx xi anormalitajiet fid- demm li jistgħu jindikaw il- preżenza taʼ kanċer.
3. Testijiet tal- ħmieġ: Test tal- ħmieġ jistaʼ jidentifika l- preżenza taʼ demm fil- ħmieġ, li jistaʼ jkun sinjal taʼ kanċer tal- kolon.
4. Kolonoskopija: Din hija proċedura li fiha tubu rqiq u flessibbli b'dawl u kamera fit- tarf jiddaħħal fir- rektum biex jiġi eżaminat il- kolon.
Matul kolonoskopija, it- tabib jista ' wkoll jieħu kampjuni tat- tessut (bijopsiji) biex jiġu eżaminati għal ċelloli tal- kanċer.
5. Sigmoidoskopja: B'mod simili għal kolonoskopja, sigmoidoskopja teżamina l- parti t'isfel tal- kolon.
6. Kolonoskopija virtwali: Din hija CT scan tal- kolon li toħloq immaġini 3D tal- kolon u r- rektum.
7. Test tad- demm moħbi fil- fekali: Dan it- test jiċċekkja l- preżenza ta ' demm fil- fekali, li jista ' jindika l- preżenza ta ' kanċer.
8. Enema bil- barju b'kuntrast doppju: Dan huwa eżami bir- raġġi X tal- kolon u r- rektum, li fih jintuża materjal taʼ kuntrast biex jiġi enfasizzat kwalunkwe anormalità.
9. Biopsja: Biopsja hija t- tneħħija taʼ ammont żgħir taʼ tessut mill- kolon biex jiġi eżaminat taħt mikroskopju biex jiġi ddeterminat jekk hemmx ċelloli tal- kanċer.
10. Testijiet tal- immaġini: Jistgħu jintużaw CT scans, MRI scans, u x- rays tas- sider biex jiġi ddeterminat jekk il- kanċerx imxerrda għal partijiet oħra tal- ġisem.
Ladarba ssir dijanjosi taʼ kanċer tal- kolon, it- tabib se jiddetermina l- stadju tal- kanċer, li jgħin biex jiddetermina l- aħjar kors taʼ trattament.
L- istadju huwa bbażat fuq id- daqs u l- post tat- tumur, kif ukoll fuq jekk ikunx mifrux għal partijiet oħra tal- ġisem.
Su Y, Tian X, Gao R, Guo W, Chen C, Chen C, Jia D, Li H, Lv X: Colon cancer diagnosis and staging classification based on machine learning and bioinformatics analysis. Comput Biol Med. 2022, 145 (): 105409.
Khan FA, Albalawi R, Pottoo FH: Trends in targeted delivery of nanomaterials in colon cancer diagnosis and treatment. Med Res Rev. 2022, 42 (1): 227-258.
Shi J, Fei J, Yi Q, Shen L, Wan B, Chen Y, Chang Q: Treatment of colon cancer in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report. BMC Cancer. 2018, 18 (1): 961.
Ren QG, Huang T, Yang SL, Hu JL: Colon cancer metastasis to the mandibular gingiva with partial occult squamous differentiation: A case report and literature review. Mol Clin Oncol. 2017, 6 (2): 189-192.
Feng HT, Zou S, Chen M, Xiong F, Lee MH, Fang L, Tang BZ: Tuning Push-Pull Electronic Effects of AIEgens to Boost the Theranostic Efficacy for Colon Cancer. J Am Chem Soc. 2020, 142 (26): 11442-11450.
Slattery ML, Kerber RA: The impact of family history of colon cancer on survival after diagnosis with colon cancer. Int J Epidemiol. 1995, 24 (5): 888-96.
Tada M: [Recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer]. Rinsho Byori. 1990, 38 (4): 403-6.
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Kuntatt
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How is colon cancer diagnosed?
Colon cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Physical examination: A doctor will perform a physical examination to check for any abnormalities or signs of illness.
2. Blood tests: Blood tests can help determine if there are any abnormalities in the blood that may indicate the presence of cancer.
3. Stool tests: A stool test can detect the presence of blood in the stool, which may be a sign of colon cancer.
4. Colonoscopy: This is a procedure in which a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera on the end is inserted into the rectum to examine the colon.
During a colonoscopy, the doctor can also take tissue samples (biopsies) to be examined for cancer cells.
5. Sigmoidoscopy: Similar to a colonoscopy, a sigmoidoscopy examines the lower part of the colon.
6. Virtual colonoscopy: This is a CT scan of the colon that creates a 3D image of the colon and rectum.
7. Fecal occult blood test: This test checks for the presence of blood in the stool, which may indicate the presence of cancer.
8. Double-contrast barium enema: This is an x-ray examination of the colon and rectum, in which a contrast material is used to highlight any abnormalities.
9. Biopsy: A biopsy is the removal of a small amount of tissue from the colon for examination under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
10. Imaging tests: CT scans, MRI scans, and chest x-rays may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once a diagnosis of colon cancer is made, the doctor will determine the stage of the cancer, which helps determine the best course of treatment.
Staging is based on the size and location of the tumor, as well as whether it has spread to other parts of the body.
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Please note the neural net that generates answers to the questions, is specially inaccurate when it comes to numeric content. For example, the number of people diagnosed with a specific disease.
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