Il- patofiżjoloġija tal- kanċer tal- kolon tirreferi għall- mekkaniżmi u l- proċessi sottostanti li jwasslu għall- żvilupp u l- progressjoni tal- kanċer tal- kolon.
Il- kanċer tal- kolon, magħruf ukoll bħala kanċer kolorettali, huwa tip ta ' kanċer li jibda fil- kolon jew fir- rektum, li huma partijiet tal- intestinu kbir.
Tipikament tibda bħala tkabbir imsejjaħ polip, li jista ' jiżviluppa f' kanċer maż- żmien.
Il- patofiżjoloġija tal- kanċer tal- kolon tinvolvi diversi fatturi, inklużi mutazzjonijiet ġenetiċi, infjammazzjoni, u fatturi ambjentali.
Jistgħu jseħħu mutazzjonijiet ġenetiċi fid- DNA taċ- ċelloli tal- kolon, li jwasslu għal tkabbir u diviżjoni taċ- ċelloli mhux ikkontrollati.
Dawn il- mutazzjonijiet jistgħu jiġu ereditati jew akkwistati, u jistgħu jaffettwaw diversi ġeni involuti fit- tkabbir, id- diviżjoni, u t- tiswija taċ- ċelloli.
L- infjammazzjoni fil- kolon, li tista ' tiġi kkawżata minn kundizzjonijiet bħal mard infjammatorju tal- intestini, tista ' wkoll iżżid ir- riskju ta ' kanċer tal- kolon.
L- infjammazzjoni kronika tistaʼ twassal għall- ħelsien taʼ sustanzi kimiċi li jippromwovu t- tkabbir u d- diviżjoni taċ- ċelloli, li potenzjalment iwasslu għall- żvilupp tal- kanċer.
Fatturi ambjentali, bħal id- dieta, l- istil taʼ ħajja, u l- espożizzjoni għal ċerti kimiċi, jistgħu wkoll jikkontribwixxu għall- żvilupp taʼ kanċer tal- kolon.
Pereżempju, dieta b'ħafna laħam aħmar u pproċessat ġiet marbuta maʼ riskju akbar taʼ kanċer tal- kolon.
Fatturi oħra, bħal l- obesità, it- tipjip, u n- nuqqas taʼ attività fiżika, jistgħu wkoll iżidu r- riskju.
Ladarba jiżviluppa l- kanċer tal- kolon, jistaʼ jipprogressa permezz taʼ diversi stadji, minn kanċer fi stadju bikri li jkun limitat għall- kolon sa stadji aktar avvanzati fejn il- kanċer ikun mifrux għal partijiet oħra tal- ġisem.
Iċ- ċelloli tal- kanċer jistgħu jinvadu t- tessuti u l- organi fil- viċin, u jistgħu wkoll jinfirxu permezz tas- sistema limfatika jew tad- demm lejn siti imbiegħda, bħall- fwied jew il- pulmun.
It- trattament għall- kanċer tal- kolon tipikament jinvolvi kombinazzjoni taʼ kirurġija, kimoterapija, u terapija bir- radjazzjoni, skont l- istadju u l- post fejn jinsab il- kanċer.
L-iskoperta u t-trattament bikrija huma ċ-ċavetta għat-titjib tar-riżultati, peress li l-kanċer tal-kolon spiss jista' jiġi kkurat meta jinqabad fl-istadji bikrija tiegħu.
Screening regolari, bħal kolonoskopija, jistaʼ jgħin biex jinstab il- kanċer tal- kolon fl- ewwel stadji tiegħu, meta jkun l- iktar li jistaʼ jiġi kkurat.
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Yagi T, Kubota E, Koyama H, Tanaka T, Kataoka H, Imaeda K, Joh T: Glucagon promotes colon cancer cell growth via regulating AMPK and MAPK pathways. Oncotarget. 2018, 9 (12): 10650-10664.
Sharma SH, Thulasingam S, Nagarajan S: Terpenoids as anti-colon cancer agents - A comprehensive review on its mechanistic perspectives. Eur J Pharmacol. 2017, 795 (): 169-178.
Keshk WA, Zineldeen DH, Wasfy RE, El-Khadrawy OH: Fatty acid synthase/oxidized low-density lipoprotein as metabolic oncogenes linking obesity to colon cancer via NF-kappa B in Egyptians. Med Oncol. 2014, 31 (10): 192.
Dongfeng D, An C, Shujia P, Jikai Y, Tao Y, Rui D, Kai T, Yafeng C, Jianguo L, Xilin D: Explanation of colon cancer pathophysiology through analyzing the disrupted homeostasis of bile acids. Afr Health Sci. 2014, 14 (4): 925-8.
Tammali R, Ramana KV, Srivastava SK: Aldose reductase regulates TNF-alpha-induced PGE2 production in human colon cancer cells. Cancer Lett. 2007, 252 (2): 299-306.
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What is pathophysiology of colon cancer?
The pathophysiology of colon cancer refers to the underlying mechanisms and processes that lead to the development and progression of colon cancer.
Colon cancer, also known as colorectal cancer, is a type of cancer that begins in the colon or rectum, which are parts of the large intestine.
It typically starts as a growth called a polyp, which can develop into cancer over time.
The pathophysiology of colon cancer involves several factors, including genetic mutations, inflammation, and environmental factors.
Genetic mutations can occur in the DNA of colon cells, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and division.
These mutations can be inherited or acquired, and they can affect various genes involved in cell growth, division, and repair.
Inflammation in the colon, which can be caused by conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, can also increase the risk of colon cancer.
Chronic inflammation can lead to the release of chemicals that promote cell growth and division, potentially leading to the development of cancer.
Environmental factors, such as diet, lifestyle, and exposure to certain chemicals, can also contribute to the development of colon cancer.
A diet high in red and processed meats, for example, has been linked to an increased risk of colon cancer.
Other factors, such as obesity, smoking, and lack of physical activity, can also increase the risk.
Once colon cancer develops, it can progress through several stages, from early-stage cancer that is confined to the colon to more advanced stages where the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
The cancer cells can invade nearby tissues and organs, and may also spread through the lymphatic system or bloodstream to distant sites, such as the liver or lungs.
Treatment for colon cancer typically involves a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, depending on the stage and location of the cancer.
Early detection and treatment are key to improving outcomes, as colon cancer is often curable when caught in its early stages.
Regular screening, such as colonoscopy, can help detect colon cancer at its earliest stages, when it is most treatable.
Disclaimer: medical
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