Pathophysiology ya saratani ya tezi kuu inahusu taratibu na michakato ya msingi ambayo husababisha maendeleo na maendeleo ya saratani ya tezi kuu.
Kansa ya utumbo mzito, inayojulikana pia kama kansa ya utumbo mzito, ni aina ya kansa ambayo huanza katika utumbo mzito au utumbo mzito, ambao ni sehemu za utumbo mzito.
Kwa kawaida huanza kama uvimbe unaoitwa polyp, ambao unaweza kugeuka kuwa kansa baada ya muda.
Pathophysiology ya kansa ya tezi kuu inahusisha mambo kadhaa, kutia ndani mabadiliko ya chembe za urithi, uchochezi, na mambo ya mazingira.
Mabadiliko ya chembe za urithi yanaweza kutokea katika DNA ya chembe za utumbo mzito, na kusababisha ukuzi na mgawanyiko wa chembe bila kudhibitiwa.
Mabadiliko hayo yanaweza kurithiwa au kupatikana, na yanaweza kuathiri jeni mbalimbali zinazohusika katika ukuzi, mgawanyiko, na ukarabati wa chembe.
Uchochezi katika utumbo mzima, ambao waweza kusababishwa na magonjwa kama vile ugonjwa wa utumbo wenye uchochezi, waweza pia kuongeza hatari ya kansa ya utumbo mzima.
Uchochezi sugu waweza kusababisha kutolewa kwa kemikali zinazochochea ukuzi na mgawanyiko wa chembe, ambazo zaweza kusababisha ukuzi wa kansa.
Mambo ya mazingira, kama vile lishe, mtindo-maisha, na kupatwa na kemikali fulani, yanaweza pia kuchangia maendeleo ya kansa ya utumbo mzito.
Kwa mfano, kula nyama nyekundu na nyama zilizotengenezwa vizuri kumehusianishwa na hatari kubwa ya kupata kansa ya utumbo mzito.
Mambo mengine, kama vile kunenepa kupita kiasi, uvutaji sigareti, na ukosefu wa mazoezi ya mwili, yanaweza pia kuongeza hatari hiyo.
Baada ya kansa ya utumbo kukua, inaweza kusonga mbele kupitia hatua kadhaa, kuanzia kansa ya hatua ya mapema ambayo inahusishwa na utumbo hadi hatua za hali ya juu zaidi ambapo kansa imeenea kwenye sehemu nyingine za mwili.
Chembe za kansa zaweza kuvamia tishu na viungo vilivyo karibu, na zaweza pia kuenea kupitia mfumo wa lymphatic au mtiririko wa damu hadi maeneo ya mbali, kama vile ini au mapafu.
Matibabu ya kansa ya utumbo mzito kwa kawaida huhusisha upasuaji, tiba ya kemikali, na tiba ya mnururisho, ikitegemea hatua na mahali ambapo kansa iko.
Kugunduliwa mapema na kutibiwa ni muhimu ili kuboresha matokeo, kwa kuwa saratani ya utumbo mzito mara nyingi inaweza kutibiwa inapogunduliwa katika hatua zake za mapema.
Uchunguzi wa kawaida, kama vile uchunguzi wa utumbo, waweza kusaidia kugundua kansa ya utumbo katika hatua zake za mapema zaidi, wakati ambapo inaweza kutibiwa zaidi.
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Yagi T, Kubota E, Koyama H, Tanaka T, Kataoka H, Imaeda K, Joh T: Glucagon promotes colon cancer cell growth via regulating AMPK and MAPK pathways. Oncotarget. 2018, 9 (12): 10650-10664.
Sharma SH, Thulasingam S, Nagarajan S: Terpenoids as anti-colon cancer agents - A comprehensive review on its mechanistic perspectives. Eur J Pharmacol. 2017, 795 (): 169-178.
Keshk WA, Zineldeen DH, Wasfy RE, El-Khadrawy OH: Fatty acid synthase/oxidized low-density lipoprotein as metabolic oncogenes linking obesity to colon cancer via NF-kappa B in Egyptians. Med Oncol. 2014, 31 (10): 192.
Dongfeng D, An C, Shujia P, Jikai Y, Tao Y, Rui D, Kai T, Yafeng C, Jianguo L, Xilin D: Explanation of colon cancer pathophysiology through analyzing the disrupted homeostasis of bile acids. Afr Health Sci. 2014, 14 (4): 925-8.
Tammali R, Ramana KV, Srivastava SK: Aldose reductase regulates TNF-alpha-induced PGE2 production in human colon cancer cells. Cancer Lett. 2007, 252 (2): 299-306.
Kanusho la dhima: matibabu
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Utoaji wa dhima: hakimiliki
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What is pathophysiology of colon cancer?
The pathophysiology of colon cancer refers to the underlying mechanisms and processes that lead to the development and progression of colon cancer.
Colon cancer, also known as colorectal cancer, is a type of cancer that begins in the colon or rectum, which are parts of the large intestine.
It typically starts as a growth called a polyp, which can develop into cancer over time.
The pathophysiology of colon cancer involves several factors, including genetic mutations, inflammation, and environmental factors.
Genetic mutations can occur in the DNA of colon cells, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and division.
These mutations can be inherited or acquired, and they can affect various genes involved in cell growth, division, and repair.
Inflammation in the colon, which can be caused by conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, can also increase the risk of colon cancer.
Chronic inflammation can lead to the release of chemicals that promote cell growth and division, potentially leading to the development of cancer.
Environmental factors, such as diet, lifestyle, and exposure to certain chemicals, can also contribute to the development of colon cancer.
A diet high in red and processed meats, for example, has been linked to an increased risk of colon cancer.
Other factors, such as obesity, smoking, and lack of physical activity, can also increase the risk.
Once colon cancer develops, it can progress through several stages, from early-stage cancer that is confined to the colon to more advanced stages where the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
The cancer cells can invade nearby tissues and organs, and may also spread through the lymphatic system or bloodstream to distant sites, such as the liver or lungs.
Treatment for colon cancer typically involves a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, depending on the stage and location of the cancer.
Early detection and treatment are key to improving outcomes, as colon cancer is often curable when caught in its early stages.
Regular screening, such as colonoscopy, can help detect colon cancer at its earliest stages, when it is most treatable.
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