Pathophysiology ya kansa ya tezi-kibofu inahusu taratibu na michakato ya msingi ambayo husababisha maendeleo na maendeleo ya ugonjwa.
Kansa ya tezi-kibofu ni uvimbe mbaya unaotokana na chembe za tezi-kibofu, ambayo ni kiungo kidogo chenye umbo la karanga kilicho chini ya kibofu cha mkojo kwa wanaume.
Kifua kikuu hutokeza umajimaji wa manii, ambao hulisha na kusafirisha manii.
Sababu halisi ya kansa ya tezi-kibofu haijulikani kikamili, lakini mambo kadhaa yanajulikana ambayo huongeza hatari ya kupatwa na ugonjwa huo.
Mambo hayo yanatia ndani umri, historia ya familia, rangi, na mabadiliko fulani ya chembe za urithi.
Kansa ya tezi-kibofu ni ya kawaida zaidi kwa wanaume wazee, na visa vingi hutokea kwa wanaume wenye umri wa zaidi ya miaka 65.
Kwa kuongezea, wanaume walio na historia ya familia ya kansa ya tezi-kibofu wako hatarini zaidi, kama vile wanaume Waafrika-Wamarekani na wanaume wa asili ya Karibea.
Pathophysiology ya kansa ya tezi-kibofu inahusisha ukuzi usio na udhibiti na mgawanyiko wa seli ndani ya tezi-kibofu.
Hii inaweza kutokea kutokana na mabadiliko ya maumbile ambayo husababisha overexpression ya mambo fulani ya ukuaji au inactivation ya jeni suppressor uvimbe.
Mabadiliko hayo yaweza kusababisha ukuzi usio na utaratibu wa chembe, na kusababisha kuumbwa kwa uvimbe.
Ugonjwa huo unapoendelea kukua, unaweza kuenea katika tishu na viungo vilivyo karibu, kama vile kibofu cha mkojo, utumbo mzima, na tezi za limfu zilizo karibu.
Katika visa fulani, chembe za kansa zaweza kujitenga na uvimbe wa msingi na kuenea kwenye sehemu nyingine za mwili kupitia mtiririko wa damu au mfumo wa lymphatic, mchakato unaojulikana kama metastasis.
Baada ya kansa kuenea, inaweza kuwa vigumu zaidi kutibu.
Kansa ya tezi-kibofu yaweza pia kuathiriwa na mambo ya homoni, hasa homoni ya androjeni ya testosterone.
Testosterone yaweza kuchochea ukuzi wa chembe za kansa ya tezi, na matibabu mengi ya kansa ya tezi yana lengo la kupunguza viwango vya homoni hii au kuzuia athari zake.
Kwa muhtasari, pathophysiology ya kansa ya tezi-kibofu inahusisha ukuzi usio na udhibiti na mgawanyiko wa seli ndani ya tezi-kibofu, ambayo inaweza kuathiriwa na mambo ya maumbile, homoni, na mazingira.
Kuelewa utaratibu wa msingi wa ugonjwa huo ni muhimu kwa ajili ya kuendeleza matibabu yenye ufanisi na kuboresha matokeo kwa wagonjwa wenye saratani ya tezi.
Zobniw CM, Causebrook A, Fong MK: Clinical use of abiraterone in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Res Rep Urol. 2014, 6 (): 97-105.
Lim HY, Agarwal AM, Agarwal N, Ward JH: Recurrent epistaxis as a presenting sign of androgen-sensitive metastatic prostate cancer. Singapore Med J. 2009, 50 (5): e178-80.
Kohli M, Qin R, Jimenez R, Dehm SM: Biomarker-based targeting of the androgen-androgen receptor axis in advanced prostate cancer. Adv Urol. 2012, 2012 (): 781459.
Nelson JB, Hedican SP, George DJ, Reddi AH, Piantadosi S, Eisenberger MA, Simons JW: Identification of endothelin-1 in the pathophysiology of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Nat Med. 1995, 1 (9): 944-9.
Msaouel P, Nandikolla G, Pneumaticos SG, Koutsilieris M: Bone microenvironment-targeted manipulations for the treatment of osteoblastic metastasis in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2013, 22 (11): 1385-400.
Kotani K, Sekine Y, Ishikawa S, Ikpot IZ, Suzuki K, Remaley AT: High-density lipoprotein and prostate cancer: an overview. J Epidemiol. 2013, 23 (5): 313-9.
Jadvar H: Molecular imaging of prostate cancer: a concise synopsis. Mol Imaging. , 8 (2): 56-64.
Kanusho la dhima: matibabu
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Mawasiliano
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What is pathophysiology of prostate cancer?
The pathophysiology of prostate cancer refers to the underlying mechanisms and processes that lead to the development and progression of the disease.
Prostate cancer is a malignant tumor that arises from the cells of the prostate gland, which is a small, walnut-shaped organ located below the bladder in men.
The prostate gland produces seminal fluid, which nourishes and transports sperm.
The exact cause of prostate cancer is not fully understood, but several factors are known to increase the risk of developing the disease.
These include age, family history, race, and certain genetic mutations.
Prostate cancer is more common in older men, with the majority of cases occurring in men over the age of 65.
Additionally, men with a family history of prostate cancer are at an increased risk, as are African American men and men of Caribbean descent.
The pathophysiology of prostate cancer involves the uncontrolled growth and division of cells within the prostate gland.
This can occur due to genetic mutations that lead to the overexpression of certain growth factors or the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes.
These mutations can result in the unregulated growth of cells, leading to the formation of a tumor.
As the tumor grows, it can invade nearby tissues and organs, such as the bladder, rectum, and nearby lymph nodes.
In some cases, cancer cells can break away from the primary tumor and spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system, a process known as metastasis.
Once the cancer has spread, it can be more difficult to treat.
Prostate cancer can also be influenced by hormonal factors, particularly the androgen hormone testosterone.
Testosterone can stimulate the growth of prostate cancer cells, and many treatments for prostate cancer aim to reduce the levels of this hormone or block its effects.
In summary, the pathophysiology of prostate cancer involves the uncontrolled growth and division of cells within the prostate gland, which can be influenced by genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors.
Understanding the underlying mechanisms of the disease is crucial for developing effective treatments and improving outcomes for patients with prostate cancer.
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