结肠癌是通过一系列测试和程序来诊断的,其中包括:
1. 身体检查:医生会进行身体检查,以检查是否有任何异常或疾病迹象.
2. 血液检查: 血液检查可以帮助确定血液中是否存在任何可能表明癌症的异常.
3.
4. 结肠镜检查:这是一个程序,其中一个薄的,灵活的管子与光线和相机在末端被插入直肠检查结肠.
在结肠镜检查期间,医生还可以取出组织样本(活检)以检查是否有癌细胞.
5. sigmoidoscopy:类似于结肠镜检查, sigmoidoscopy 检查结肠的下部 ⁇
6. 虚拟结肠镜:这是结肠的CT扫描, 创建结肠和直肠的三维图像.
7. 粪便隐藏血液测试:这项测试检查粪便中是否存在血液,这可能表明癌症的存在.
8. 双对比
9. 活检:活检是从结肠中取出少量组织以在显微镜下检查,以确定是否存在癌细胞.
10. 影像检查:CT扫描,MRI扫描和胸部X射线可以用来确定癌症是否已经扩散到身体的其他部位.
一旦诊断出结肠癌, 医生将确定癌症的阶段, 这有助于确定最好的治疗方案.
阶段取决于肿瘤的大小和位置,以及它是否已经扩散到身体的其他部位.
PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html
RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116
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Colon cancer is diagnosed through a combination of tests and procedures, which may include:
1. Physical examination: A doctor will perform a physical examination to check for any abnormalities or signs of illness.
2. Blood tests: Blood tests can help determine if there are any abnormalities in the blood that may indicate the presence of cancer.
3. Stool tests: A stool test can detect the presence of blood in the stool, which may be a sign of colon cancer.
4. Colonoscopy: This is a procedure in which a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera on the end is inserted into the rectum to examine the colon.
During a colonoscopy, the doctor can also take tissue samples (biopsies) to be examined for cancer cells.
5. Sigmoidoscopy: Similar to a colonoscopy, a sigmoidoscopy examines the lower part of the colon.
6. Virtual colonoscopy: This is a CT scan of the colon that creates a 3D image of the colon and rectum.
7. Fecal occult blood test: This test checks for the presence of blood in the stool, which may indicate the presence of cancer.
8. Double-contrast barium enema: This is an x-ray examination of the colon and rectum, in which a contrast material is used to highlight any abnormalities.
9. Biopsy: A biopsy is the removal of a small amount of tissue from the colon for examination under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
10. Imaging tests: CT scans, MRI scans, and chest x-rays may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Once a diagnosis of colon cancer is made, the doctor will determine the stage of the cancer, which helps determine the best course of treatment.
Staging is based on the size and location of the tumor, as well as whether it has spread to other parts of the body.
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