What are the risk factors for Diabetes?

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糖尿病的危险因素是什么?

有几种糖尿病的风险因素,包括:

1. 家庭史:父母或兄弟姐妹患有糖尿病会增加您的风险.

2. 年龄:随着年龄的增长,特别是 45 岁以上, 2 型糖尿病的风险会增加 ⁇

3. 体重:超重或肥胖会增加你的风险.

4. 身体不活动: 缺乏运动可以增加你的风险.

5. 种族或族裔:某些族裔群体,如非洲裔美国人,西班牙裔美国人,美洲原住民和亚裔美国人, 患上2型糖尿病的风险更高.

6. 妊娠糖尿病:在怀孕期间患有妊娠糖尿病的妇女在以后的生活中患上2型糖尿病的风险更高.

7. 多囊卵巢综合征:患有这种疾病的妇女患上2型糖尿病的风险更高.

8. 代谢综合征:包括高血压,高胆固醇和腰围大的这种疾病, 增加了2型糖尿病的风险.

9. 吸烟: 吸烟可以增加胰岛素抵抗力,从而导致2型糖尿病.

10. 糖尿病前期: 糖尿病前期或血糖水平高于正常水平, 增加患二型糖尿病的风险.

11. 出生体重低:出生体重低的婴儿在晚年患上二型糖尿病的风险更高.

12. 高血压:高血压会增加患2型糖尿病的风险.

13. 胆固醇和甘油三酯水平异常:高胆固醇水平和低 HDL (好) 胆固醇水平增加了2型糖尿病的风险.

14. 睡眠呼吸暂停: 睡眠呼吸暂停的人患2型糖尿病的风险增加.

15. 压力: 长期的压力可以增加患2型糖尿病的风险.

16. 某些药物:某些药物,如类固醇和抗精神病药物,可以增加患二型糖尿病的风险 ⁇

17. 炎症:慢性炎症可以增加患二型糖尿病的风险.

18. 久坐的生活方式:久坐的生活方式可以增加患上2型糖尿病的风险.

19. 高脂肪,高卡路里的饮食: 摄入高不健康脂肪和高卡路里的饮食可以增加患二型糖尿病的风险.

20. 饮酒:过度饮酒可以增加患第二型糖尿病的风险.

21. 睡眠不足:睡眠不足可以增加患二型糖尿病的风险.

22. 空气污染:暴露于空气污染可以增加患第二型糖尿病的风险.

23. 某些感染:某些感染,如丙型肝炎,可以增加患二型糖尿病的风险.

24. 高水平的同基酸:高水平的同基酸,一种氨基酸,可以增加患二型糖尿病的风险.

25. 高水平的尿酸:高水平的尿酸,一个废物,可以增加患二型糖尿病的风险.

26. 高水平的C反应蛋白:高水平的C反应蛋白是炎症的标志,可以增加患上2型糖尿病的风险.

27. 高水平的纤维素:高水平的纤维素,一个参与血液凝固的蛋白质,可以增加患二型糖尿病的风险.

28. 高水平的PAI-1:高水平的PAI-1,一个参与血液凝固的蛋白质,可以增加患上2型糖尿病的风险.

29. 高水平的素:高水平的素,一个参与食欲调节的激素,可以增加患第二型糖尿病的风险.

30. 高水平的抗生素:高水平的抗生素,一个参与胰岛素抵抗的激素,可以增加患上抗生素的风险

参考资料

PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html

RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116

King WM, Saseen JJ, Anderson SL: Characterization of diabetes risk factors in patients prescribed chronic statin therapy. Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 2014, 5 (5): 206-11.

Bielinski SJ, Pankow JS, Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, Bailey K, Li M, Selvin E, Couper D, Vazquez G, Brancati F: Strength of association for incident diabetes risk factors according to diabetes case definitions: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2012, 175 (5): 466-72.

Gangwisch JE, Gross R, Malaspina D: Differential Associations Between Depression, Risk Factors for Insulin Resistance and Diabetes Incidence in a Large U.S. Sample. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci. 2015, 52 (2): 85-90.

Leiva AM, Martínez MA, Petermann F, Garrido-Méndez A, Poblete-Valderrama F, Díaz-Martínez X, Celis-Morales C: [Risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes in Chile]. Nutr Hosp. 2018, 35 (2): 400-407.

Chatterjee R, Maruthur NM, Edelman D: Novel Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes in African-Americans. Curr Diab Rep. 2015, 15 (12): 103.

Higa S, Maesato A, Ishigaki S, Suenari K, Chen YJ, Chen SA: Diabetes and Endocrine Disorders (Hyperthyroidism/Hypothyroidism) as Risk Factors for Atrial Fibrillation. Card Electrophysiol Clin. 2021, 13 (1): 63-75.

Brodalko B: [Diabetes risk factors in the Regional Railway Hospital in Lublin, described on the basis of medical documentation]. Wiad Lek. 2000, 53 (5-6): 255-61.

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What are the risk factors for diabetes?

There are several risk factors for diabetes, including:

1. Family history: Having a parent or sibling with diabetes increases your risk.

2. Age: The risk of type 2 diabetes increases as you get older, especially after age 45.

3. Weight: Being overweight or obese increases your risk.

4. Physical inactivity: Lack of exercise can increase your risk.

5. Race or ethnicity: Certain ethnic groups, such as African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Native Americans, and Asian Americans, have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

6. Gestational diabetes: Women who have had gestational diabetes during pregnancy are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.

7. Polycystic ovary syndrome: Women with this condition have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

8. Metabolic syndrome: This cluster of conditions, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and large waist circumference, increases the risk of type 2 diabetes.

9. Smoking: Smoking can increase insulin resistance, which can lead to type 2 diabetes.

10. Prediabetes: Having prediabetes, or higher than normal blood sugar levels, increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

11. Low birth weight: Babies with low birth weight have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.

12. High blood pressure: Having high blood pressure increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

13. Abnormal cholesterol and triglyceride levels: High levels of triglycerides and low levels of HDL (good) cholesterol increase the risk of type 2 diabetes.

14. Sleep apnea: People with sleep apnea have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

15. Stress: Chronic stress can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

16. Certain medications: Some medications, such as steroids and antipsychotics, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

17. Inflammation: Chronic inflammation can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

18. Sedentary lifestyle: A sedentary lifestyle can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

19. High-fat, high-calorie diet: Consuming a diet high in unhealthy fats and calories can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

20. Alcohol consumption: Excessive alcohol consumption can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

21. Sleep deprivation: Inadequate sleep can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

22. Air pollution: Exposure to air pollution can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

23. Certain infections: Certain infections, such as hepatitis C, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

24. High levels of homocysteine: High levels of homocysteine, an amino acid, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

25. High levels of uric acid: High levels of uric acid, a waste product, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

26. High levels of C-reactive protein: High levels of C-reactive protein, a marker of inflammation, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

27. High levels of fibrinogen: High levels of fibrinogen, a protein involved in blood clotting, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

28. High levels of PAI-1: High levels of PAI-1, a protein involved in blood clotting, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

29. High levels of leptin: High levels of leptin, a hormone involved in appetite regulation, can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

30. High levels of resistin: High levels of resistin, a hormone involved in insulin resistance, can increase the risk of developing

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