1. 年龄:前列腺癌的风险随着年龄的增长而增加,大多数病例发生在65岁以上的男性中.
2. 种族/族裔:非洲裔美国男性患前列腺癌的风险高于其他种族的男性.
3. 家庭史:有前列腺癌家族史的男性, 特别是患有这种疾病的父亲或兄弟, 风险更高.
4. 遗传学:某些遗传基因突变,如BRCA1和BRCA2,可能会增加前列腺癌的风险.
5. 饮食:高红肉,低水果和蔬菜的饮食可能会增加前列腺癌的风险.
6. 肥胖:超重或肥胖可能会增加前列腺癌的风险,
7. 吸烟: 吸烟可能会增加前列腺癌的风险,
8. 化学品暴露:暴露于某些化学品,如杀虫剂和除草剂,可能会增加前列腺癌的风险.
9. 性传播感染: 男性有性传播感染的历史,如淋病或
10. 性行为:一些研究表明,有更多性伴侣或经常性行为的男性可能患上前列腺癌的风险稍微增加.
11.
12. 糖尿病:患有糖尿病的男性可能更容易患上前列腺癌,
值得注意的是,有一个或多个风险因素并不一定意味着一个男人会患上前列腺癌,许多前列腺癌的男人没有已知的风险因素.
然而,意识到这些风险因素可以帮助男性做出明智的筛查和预防决定.
PubMed/Medline https://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/download/pubmed_medline.html
RefinedWeb https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01116
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Oderda M, Mondino P, Zitella A, Gontero P, Tizzani A: [Update on epidemiology and risk factors of prostate cancer]. Urologia. , 75 (3): 143-8.
Mazdak H, Mazdak M, Jamali L, Keshteli AH: Determination of prostate cancer risk factors in Isfahan, Iran: a case-control study. Med Arh. 2012, 66 (1): 45-8.
Brasso K: [Prostate cancer--incidence and risk factors]. Ugeskr Laeger. 2007, 169 (20): 1883-6.
Patel AR, Klein EA: Risk factors for prostate cancer. Nat Clin Pract Urol. 2009, 6 (2): 87-95.
Sawada N: Risk and preventive factors for prostate cancer in Japan: The Japan Public Health Center-based prospective (JPHC) study. J Epidemiol. 2017, 27 (1): 2-7.
Mordukhovich I, Reiter PL, Backes DM, Family L, McCullough LE, O'Brien KM, Razzaghi H, Olshan AF: A review of African American-white differences in risk factors for cancer: prostate cancer. Cancer Causes Control. 2011, 22 (3): 341-57.
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1. Age: The risk of prostate cancer increases with age, with most cases occurring in men over the age of 65.
2. Race/Ethnicity: African American men have a higher risk of developing prostate cancer than men of other races.
3. Family History: Men with a family history of prostate cancer, particularly a father or brother with the disease, have a higher risk.
4. Genetics: Certain inherited genetic mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, may increase the risk of prostate cancer.
5. Diet: A diet high in red meat and low in fruits and vegetables may increase the risk of prostate cancer.
6. Obesity: Being overweight or obese may increase the risk of prostate cancer, particularly aggressive forms of the disease.
7. Smoking: Smoking may increase the risk of prostate cancer, particularly advanced or fatal forms of the disease.
8. Chemical Exposure: Exposure to certain chemicals, such as pesticides and herbicides, may increase the risk of prostate cancer.
9. Sexually Transmitted Infections: Men with a history of sexually transmitted infections, such as gonorrhea or chlamydia, may have an increased risk of prostate cancer.
10. Sexual Activity: Some studies suggest that men who have a higher number of sexual partners or engage in frequent sexual activity may have a slightly increased risk of prostate cancer.
11. Vasectomy: Men who have had a vasectomy may have a slightly increased risk of prostate cancer.
12. Diabetes: Men with diabetes may have a higher risk of prostate cancer, particularly aggressive forms of the disease.
It is important to note that having one or more of these risk factors does not necessarily mean that a man will develop prostate cancer, and many men with prostate cancer have no known risk factors.
However, being aware of these risk factors can help men make informed decisions about screening and prevention.
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